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Biology > Disaccharides And Polysaccharides > Flashcards

Disaccharides And Polysaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

The simplest form of carbohydrates.

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2
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Two monosaccharides covalently linked by a glycosidic bond formed by a condensation reaction; removal of water.

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3
Q

What are the 3 properties of disaccharides?

A
  1. Sweet tasting
  2. Soluble in water
    3.osmotically active
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4
Q

Why are disaccharides osmotically active?

A

They are soluble

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5
Q

What does osmotically active mean?

A

Can carry out osmosis

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6
Q

What affects the ratio of C : H : O?

A

The loss of water.

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7
Q

Are disaccharides reducing sugars?

A

Most for example, maltose and lactose

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8
Q

Which disaccharide is not a reducing sugar?

A

Sucrose

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9
Q

What are the 3 common disaccharides?

A
  1. Sucrose (sugar)
  2. Lactose (milk sugar)
  3. Maltose (malt sugar)
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10
Q

What is the function of sucrose?

A

Energy transport and storage in plants.

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11
Q

What is the enzyme the breaks down sucrose?

A

Sucrase

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12
Q

What is the function of lactose?

A

Energy transport and storage in mammal milk.

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13
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down lactose?

A

Lactase

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14
Q

What is the function of maltose?

A

Intermediate in starch digestion

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15
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down maltose?

A

Maltase

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16
Q

What are oligosaccharides?

A

Chains of monosaccharides that are covalently linked to one another by glycosidic bonds.

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17
Q

How many monosaccharides do oligosaccharides contain?

A

3-10

18
Q

Are oligosaccharides linear or branched?

A

Can be both

19
Q

Are oligosaccharides relatively rare?

A

Yes

20
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Large polymers of saccharides formed by the covalent linkage of more than 10 monosaccharides

21
Q

How many monosaccharides do polysaccharides contain?

A

More than 10

22
Q

What are the properties of polysaccharides?

A
  1. May be linear or branched
  2. Insoluble/colloidal
  3. Not osmotically active
  4. Not sweet tasting
23
Q

Why are polysaccharides not osmotically active?

A

They are insoluble/colloidal

24
Q

What are polysaccharides hydrolised (broken down) by?

A

Amylases or cellulases

25
Q

What are the overall functions of polysaccharides?

A

Energy stores or structural functions

26
Q

What are the 4 polysaccharides?

A
  1. Starch
  2. Glycogen
  3. Cellulose
  4. Chitin
27
Q

What is the function of starch?

A

Store product in plants

28
Q

What is a property of starch?

A

Consists of 2 molecules called amylopectin and amylose

29
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

Store product in animals (liver)

30
Q

What is a property of glycogen?

A

Heavily branched

31
Q

What is the function of cellulose?

A

Structural molecule in plants (cell wall)

32
Q

What is the function of chitin?

A

Occurs in some fungi and arthropods (as part of exoskeleton)

33
Q

What percentage of amylose is unbranched?

A

20-30%

34
Q

What percentage of amylopectin is branched?

A

70-80%

35
Q

What are the 2 molecules of starch?

A

Amylopectin and amylose

36
Q

What are the properties of amylose?

A
  1. Made of alpha glucose monomers
  2. Unbranched
  3. Compact due to hydrogen bonding
  4. 1->4 glycosidic bonds
  5. Coiled in a helix due to hydrogen bonding
37
Q

What are the properties of amylopectin?

A
  1. Made of alpha glucose monomers
  2. Branched molecules
  3. 1->4 glycosidic bonds
  4. 1->6 glycosidic bonds
38
Q

What are the properties of glycogen?

A
  1. Stored in the liver and muscle
  2. Branched molecules
  3. 1->6 glycosidic bond
  4. 1->4 glycosidic bond
  5. Alpha glucose monomers
  6. Same as amylopectin but more branched
39
Q

What is the difference between amylopectin and glycogen?

A

Glycogen is more branched

40
Q

Why is glycogen more branched than amylopectin?

A

Allows more hydrolysis to occur more easily which releases alpha glucose for respiration as animals are more metabolically active

Biology (33 decks)

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