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3 Anatomy > Neck and facial planes > Flashcards

Neck and facial planes Flashcards

1
Q

Name this layer

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

Name this layer

A

Dermis

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3
Q

Name this layer

A

Superficial fascia

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4
Q

Name this layer

A

Deep fascia

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5
Q

how is deep fascia organised?

A

in tubes that run from the base of the skull and the top of the thorax (superior mediastinum)

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6
Q

why is it important that fascia is organised in deep tubes?

A

they help to prevent spread of infection from one compartment to another
- An infection in the neck tends to spread within a single fascial tube

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7
Q

superficial neck fascia is composed of what type of tissue?

A

adipose connective tissue

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8
Q

where is superficial neck fascia located between?

A

the skin and the underlying deep fascia
Usually a thin layer in the neck

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9
Q

superficial neck fascia contains what 4 things

A
  • Sensory nerves
  • Platysma muscles (facial expression)
  • Superficial veins
  • Lymphatic vessels and superficial lymph node - cant be seen in dissection
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10
Q

The sensory nerves in the superficial fascia of the neck are known as

A

the cervical plexus

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11
Q

what does plexus mean?

A

intertwining of structures

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12
Q

What sensory nerves give rise to the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2, C3 &C4

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13
Q

the anterior ramus of the spinal chord relays what kind of information?

A

sensory

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14
Q

The anterior ramus of the spinal cord relays sensory information from and to what?

A

the anterolateral body wall towards the spinal chord

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15
Q

What structures does the action potential pass through to get sensory information from the anterolateral body wall to the spinal cord? 4 things

A

Anterior ramus
spinal nerve
posterior root into posterior rootlets
spinal chord

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16
Q

what is the dermatome map?

A

map of the areas of the body supplied by a specific spinal nerve

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17
Q

The anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2-C4 is sensory to skin of where 3 things?

A
  • Neck
  • Shoulder
  • Corner of the face
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18
Q

Sensory nerves leave the skin and superficial fascia, to get to the spinal chord they have to?

A

Pierce the deep fascia

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19
Q

What are the 4 named branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Great auricular nerve
  • Transverse cervical nerve
  • Lesser occipital nerve
  • Supraclavicular nerves
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20
Q

The great auricular nerve is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C2 & C3

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21
Q

The transverse cervical nerve is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C2 & C3

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22
Q

The lesser occipital nerve is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C2

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23
Q

The supraclavicular nerves are formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C3 &C4

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24
Q

which nerve is this?

A

great auricular nerve C2&C3

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25
Q

which nerve is this?

A

transverse cervical nerve C2&C3

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26
Q

which nerve is this?

A

lesser occipital nerve C2

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27
Q

which nerve is this?

A

supraclavicular nerves C3&C4

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28
Q

Great auricular nerve supplies

A

the skin over the parotid gland, external ear and posterior auricular region

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29
Q

Transverse cervical nerve supplies

A

Anterolateral neck

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30
Q

Lesser occipital nerve supplies

A

posterior aspect of the neck

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31
Q

Supraclavicular nerves supplies

A

area over the clavicle to the tip of the shoulder

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32
Q

Green dashed line represents

A

the cervical plexus

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33
Q

the cervical plexus passes from

A

superficial towards deep structures

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34
Q

Green solid line is?

A

first layer of deep fascia

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35
Q

the first layer of deep fascia is called?

A

deep cervical fascia

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36
Q

what is the nerve point of the neck?

A

point where the cervical plexus pierces through the first layer of deep fascia -> deep cervical fascia

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37
Q

Nerve point is located

A

midway along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

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38
Q

what is this called in the neck?

A

the nerve point

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39
Q

what are these structures called?

A

platysma muscles

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40
Q

what is this muscle?

A

platysma muscle

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41
Q

The platysma muscle is in which group of muscles?

A

muscles of facial expression

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42
Q

Which nerve supplies the platysma muscle?

A

Cervical branch of Cranial nerve VII -> facial nerve

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43
Q

this is the main action of which muscle

A

platysma

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44
Q

What is this structure

A

Deep veins

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45
Q

What is this structure

A

Superficial veins

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46
Q

The superficial veins of the neck lie within what?

A

The superficial fascia of the neck

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47
Q

The superficial veins are part of what system?

A

Jugular venous system

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48
Q

The jugular venous system consists of?

A

Various superficial jugular veins that drain into deep internal jugular veins

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49
Q

The 3 superficial jugular veins that are bilateral are called?

A

External jugular veins
Anterior jugular veins
Superficial jugular communicating veins

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50
Q

Why is the retromandibular veins unusual?

A

It’s splits in 2

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51
Q

The external jugular vein is formed from the joining of

A

Posterior division of retromandibular vein
And
Posterior auricular vein

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52
Q

The external jugular vein drains into what vein?

A

Subclavian vein

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53
Q

The common facial vein is formed from the joining of?

A

Anterior division of the retromandibular vein
And
The facial vein

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54
Q

The common facial vein drains into what?

A

The internal jugular vein

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55
Q

Name this vein

A

Retromandibular vein

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56
Q

Name this vein

A

Facial vein

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57
Q

Name this vein

A

Common facial vein

58
Q

Name this vein

A

Anterior jugular vein

59
Q

Name this vein

A

Superficial jugular communicating vein

60
Q

Name this vein

A

Internal jugular vein

61
Q

Name this vein

A

Subclavian vein

62
Q

Name this vein

A

External jugular vein

63
Q

Name this vein

A

Posterior auricular vein

64
Q

Deep cervical fascia is what type of tissue?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

65
Q

The deep cervical fascia has 3 layers what r they?

A

Investing layer

Pretracheal layer

Prevertebral layer

66
Q

Which layer of deep cervical fascia is this?

A

Investing layer

67
Q

Which layer of deep cervical fascia is this?

A

Pretracheal layer

68
Q

Which layer of deep cervical fascia is this?

A

Prevertebral layer

69
Q

What is this structure called that is part of the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia?

A

Carotid sheaths

70
Q

Understand this diagrammatic representation of the tube like arrangement of deep cervical fascia in the neck

A
71
Q

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia encapsulates what muscles? 2

A

Right and left trapezius

Right and left Sternocleidomastoid

72
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Left trapezius

73
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Left Sternocleidomastoid

74
Q

The left trapezius and left Sternocleidomastoid muscles are innervated by which nerve?

A

Cranial nerve XI - spinal accessory nerve

75
Q

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia encapsulates which glands?

A

Submandibular and parotid salivary glands

76
Q

What is this part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia?

A

Visceral (organ) part

77
Q

What is this part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia?

A

Muscular part

78
Q

The visceral part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia enclosed what? 3

A

Thyroid gland
Trachea
Oesophagus

79
Q

The muscular part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia encloses what?

A

The “strap” muscles

80
Q

The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia encloses what? 2

A

Postural muscles
Cervical vertebrae

81
Q

The carotid sheaths contain? 4

A

Internal jugular veins
Carotid arteries
Vagus nerve CNX
Deep cervical chain of lymph nodes

82
Q

The Pretracheal fascia when it is superior to the trachea is called what?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

83
Q

What is this called?

A

Retropharyngeal space

84
Q

Name this neck triangle

A

Anterior triangle

85
Q

Name this neck triangle

A

Posterior triangles

86
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangles?

A

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Clavicle

87
Q

Name this structure

A

Sternocleidomastoid

88
Q

Name this structure

A

Clavicle

89
Q

Name this structure

A

Trapezius

90
Q

What is located in the posterior triangle?

A

Spinal accessory nerve
CN XI

91
Q

What does the spinal accessory nerve CNXI supply?

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

92
Q

Is the spinal accessory nerve CNXI motor or sensory?

A

Motor

93
Q

Name this Foramen

A

Foramen magnum

94
Q

Name this Foramen

A

Jugular Foramen

95
Q

Name this part of the skull

A

Mastoid process

96
Q

Name this muscle

A

Sternocleidomastoid

97
Q

Name this muscle

A

Trapezius

98
Q

Name this nerve

A

C4

99
Q

Name this nerve

A

C1

100
Q

Name this nerve

A

CNXI
Spinal accessory nerve

101
Q

How is the spinal accessory nerve CNXI clinically tested?

A

Ask patient to shrug shoulders (trapezius)
Ask patient to turn head to look down towards the opposite side (scm)

102
Q

What are the borders of the anterior right and left triangles?

A

Inferior border of mandible
Scm
Midline of neck

103
Q

Name this neck triangle

A

Suprahyoid triangle

104
Q

Name this neck triangle

A

Infrahyoid neck triangle

105
Q
A

Inferior border of mandible

106
Q
A

Hyoid

107
Q
A

Sternocleidomastoid

108
Q

Name this neck triangle

A

Submental triangle

109
Q

What are the borders of the Submental triangle?

A

Hyoid bone
Medial border of anterior belly of digastric
Neck midline

110
Q

Name this neck triangle

A

Submandibular triangle

111
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

Lower border if mandible
Medial border of anterior belly of digastric
Anterior border of posterior belly of digastric

112
Q

What is located in the Submental triangle? 3

A

Origin of anterior jugular veins
Submental lymph nodes
Mylohyoid

113
Q

The Submental lymph nodes drain lymph from where? 3

A

Tongue tip
Lower lip
Lower incisors

114
Q

The submandibular triangle contains? 5

A

Submandibular salivary gland
Facial artery
Facial vein
Submandibular lymph nodes
Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

115
Q

What does the Hypoglossal nerve do? CNXII

A

Motor supply to striated muscles of tongue except Palatoglossus

116
Q

Name this nerve

A

Hypoglossal nerve
CNXII

117
Q

Name this triangle

A

Muscular triangle

118
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

Anterior belly of omohyoid
Lower part of Sternocleidomastoid
Neck midline

119
Q

What is located in the muscular triangle? 2

A

Strap muscles
Ansa cervicalis C1,2,3

120
Q

What is ansa cervicalis?

A

Loop of motor nerve fibres formed by C1,2,3 spinal nerves

121
Q

What does ansa cervicalis innervates?

A

Strap muscles
Except thyrohyoid (just C1)

122
Q

Name this nerve

A

Hypoglossal nerve

123
Q

Name this nerve

A

C1 to thyrohyoid

124
Q

Name this nerve

A

Descendens hypoglossi

125
Q

Name this nerve

A

Ansa cervicalis

126
Q

Name this nerve

A

Descendens cervicalis

127
Q

Name this muscle

A

Anterior belly of digastric

128
Q

Name this muscle

A

Mylohyoid

129
Q

Name this muscle

A

Geniohyoid

130
Q

Name the 4 strap muscles

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

131
Q

What innervates omohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis C1,2,3

132
Q

What innervates Sternohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis C1,2,3

133
Q

What innervates thyrohyoid?

A

C1

134
Q

What innervates sternothyroid?

A

Ansa cervicalis

135
Q

What innervates anterior belly of digastric?

A

CNV3 - inferior alveolar nerve

136
Q

What innervates geniohyoid?

A

C1

137
Q

What innervates Mylohyoid?

A

CNV3- inferior alveolar nerve

138
Q

What innervates the posterior belly of digastric?

A

Facial nerve
CNVII

139
Q

Name this triangle

A

Carotid triangle

140
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Posterior belly of digastric
Sternocleidomastoid
Omohyoid

141
Q

Carotid sheath is located in the carotid triangle what does this contain? 5

A

Internal jugular vein
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes

3 Anatomy (9 decks)

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