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anatomy > Basic Tissues > Flashcards

Basic Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues in the body?

A

Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue

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2
Q

What is the epithelium for?

A

Form coverings, lining of surfaces

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3
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A

The cells arranged in a single layer

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4
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

Cells arranged in two or more layers

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5
Q

When is the epithelium called squamous?

A

If the cells have a flattened shape

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6
Q

When is the cell called cuboidal?

A

When the cell has the same height, width, and depth

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7
Q

When is the cell called columnar?

A

When the height of the cells exceeds their width

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8
Q

What is a simple squamous epithelium?

A

Consists of a single layer of flattened cells

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9
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A

Consists of a single layer of cells that are taller then they are wide

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10
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Consists of several layers of cell, with the outermost layer consisting of flattened cells

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11
Q

What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Consists of at least two layers of cells

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12
Q

What is stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Consists of at least two layers of cells, with the cells in the outer layer being taller than they are wide

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13
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

A simple epithelium, which has the appearance of being stratified because it has some low cells which do not reach the free surface, and some tall cells

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14
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Several layers of cells that flatten out when being stretched

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15
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Holds cells together and supports the body

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16
Q

What is the matrix?

A

Secreted by the connective tissue cells and determines the characteristics of the connective tissue

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17
Q

What does determine the function of the connective tissue?

A

The consistency of the matrix

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18
Q

What can the matrix be?

A

Liquid, gel-like, solid

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19
Q

What loose connective tissue?

A

Thin, soft contains many collagen and elastic fibers in a jell-like matrix
The cells are not close together
Functions in binding the skin to underlying structures

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20
Q

What are the two categories of dense connective tissue?

A

Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue

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21
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Contains collagen and elastic fibers which are found running in all different directions and planes

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22
Q

What are dense regular connective tissue?

A

Contains extracellular fibers that all run in the same direction and plane

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23
Q

What are elastic connective tissue?

A

Made up of freely branching elastic fibers with fibroblasts in the space between the fibers

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24
Q

What is blood?

A

Plasma which includes white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

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25
Q

Why is blood considered a fluid connective tissue?

A

Because the matrix of blood is not solid

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26
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Connective tissue that is relatively solid and is a non-vascularized tissue (does not have blood supply)

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27
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage

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28
Q

What is the hyaline cartilage?

A

The most common type of cartilage contains many collagen fibers and is found in the nose, between the ribs

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29
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Has many elastic fibers in the matrix and support the shape of ears

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30
Q

What is fibrocartillage?

A

Tough and contains many collagen fibers and is responsible for cushioning the knee joint and for forming discs between vertebrae

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31
Q

What is a bone?

A

A hard mineralized tissue found in skeleton

32
Q

What does the bone matrix contain?

A

Many collagen fibers inorganic mineral salts, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

33
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Bone cells that secret osteoid substance that eventually hardens around the cells to form an ossified matrix

34
Q

What does the osteon form?

A

Forms the basic unit of compact bone

35
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

Commonly known as fat, related loose connective tissue

36
Q

What does the adipose tissue contain?

A

Fat cells that are specialized for lipid storage also this tissue cushions and protects the organs

37
Q

What are muscular tissue?

A

Ability to contract when stimulated, get shorter and produce movement

38
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

39
Q

What is skeletal muscle composed of?

A

Tissue composed of long, multinucleate cells with visible striations

40
Q

What does the skeletal muscle allow?

A

Allows movement by being attached to bones in the body

41
Q

Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary muscle?

A

Voluntary, as the contraction is consciously controlled

42
Q

What is the smooth muscle composed of?

A

Short cylindrical cells that taper at the ends

43
Q

Is the smooth muscle involuntary or voluntary

A

Involuntary, as the muscle contraction is not consciously controlled

44
Q

What does the cardiac muscle consist of?

A

Short, branched, striated cells, with one nucleus at the center of each cell

45
Q

How do the cardiac muscles work?

A

Cardiac muscle cells within a fiber are joined to their neighbors by intercalated discs
These specialized communication junctions facilitate the heart beat by transmitting the signal to contract

46
Q

Is the cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?

A

Involuntary

47
Q

What is nervous tissue?

A

Responds to changes in the environment and conducts impulses to various organs in the body to respond to changes

48
Q

What are the two types of cells that nervous tissue contains?

A

Neuroglia, neurons

49
Q

What is the neuroglia?

A

These cells do not send or receive electrical impulses

50
Q

What are the functions of neuroglia ?

A

Providing physical support, providing nutrients, removing debris and providing electrical insulation

51
Q

What are neurons?

A

Cells that carry electrical impulses

52
Q

What are the main three types of neurons?

A

Sensory neuron, motor neuron and interneurons

53
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Conduct impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system

54
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Responsible for conducting impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs

55
Q

What are interneurons?

A

Neurons that connect sensory neurons to motor neurons

56
Q

What are the important structures of a motor neuron?

A

Cell body, dendrites, axon

57
Q

What is the cell body?

A

Responsible for producing all of the proteins for the dendrites, axons, and synaptic terminals

58
Q

What are dendrites?

A

These structures branch out from the cell body in a tree-like fashion
The function is to receive signals from other nerve cells

59
Q

What is axon?

A

The main conducting unit of the neuron and is capable of conveying electrical signals over long and short distances

60
Q

Name the tissues

A

Muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective

61
Q

What type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

62
Q

What type of epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous

63
Q

What type of epithelium?

A

Simple cuboidal

64
Q

What type of epithelium?

A

Stratified cuboidal

65
Q

What type of epithelium?

A

Simple columnar

66
Q

What type of epithelium?

A

Stratified columnar

67
Q

What type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

68
Q
A

Hyaline cartilage

69
Q
A

Fibrous cartilage

70
Q
A

Elastic cartilage

71
Q
A

Cardiac muscle cell, skeletal muscle cell, smooth muscle cell

72
Q
A

Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle

73
Q

Name

A

Dendrite, cell body, node of ranvier, axon terminal, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, Schwann cell

74
Q

Name

A

Epidermis, dermis, arrector pile muscle, hair follicle, sebaceous glands

75
Q
A

Skin, epidermis, dermis, fascia, superficial, deep, muscle, bone

76
Q

What are fibroblasts responsible for?

A

Synthesizing protein fibers for the matrix

anatomy (14 decks)

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