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2 - Paediatric Dentistry > Primary Tooth Morphology > Flashcards

Primary Tooth Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some early problems that can occur before/after eruption?

A

Gingival cysts (Epstein pearls/ Bohns Nodules)
Congenital Epulis
Natal/ Neonatal teeth
Eruption cysts

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2
Q

What do gingival cysts look like?

A

White formed on the gingiva from keratin

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3
Q

Translate the FDI quadrants from permanent to primary teeth

A

1 = 5
2 = 6
3 = 7
4 = 8

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4
Q

When does hard tissue formation start?

A

Week 13/14

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5
Q

What can systemic disturbances during calcification cause?

A

Defects in enamel that was forming at that time

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6
Q

What must happen for a tooth to erupt?

A

A force must be generated to propel the tooth through the bone and gingival tissue (in case of permanent dentition, the primary tooth root must also be removed)

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7
Q

What are the possible theories behind tooth eruption?

what is the most likely

A

Cellular proliferation at the apex of the tooth
Localised change in blood pressure/hydrostatic pressure
Metabolic activity within the PDL
Resorption of the overlying hard tissue

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8
Q

What does resorption of the overlying hard tissue occur due to?

A

Enzymes in the dental follicle

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9
Q

How is the dental follicle seen on a radiograph?

A

A dark halo around the un erupted tooth

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10
Q

How does the follicle play an essential role in the tooth eruption?

A

Follicle initiates osteoclast activity in the alveolar bone ahead of the tooth and clears a path for tooth eruption. Once the crestal bone has been breached, the follicle is likely to play a lesser role

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11
Q

When does tooth eruption stop?

A

When the tooth comes into contact with something - usually the tooth of the opposing arch

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12
Q

Why does tooth eruption continue throughout life?

A

To compensate for vertical growth of the jaws and tooth wear

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13
Q

What arch erupts first and what is the exception?

primary

A

Usually mandible erupts first with the exception of the lateral incisors

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14
Q

What is the sequence of primary eruption? (In letters and names)

A

A, B, D, C, E
Central incisor, lateral incisor, first primary molar, canine, second primary molar

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15
Q

When do opposing teeth of the same series erupt in comparison to each other?

A

Within 3 months of each other

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16
Q

When is the primary dentition complete?

A

By 2 1/2 - 3 years of age

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17
Q

What dentition follows a more predictable pattern?

A

The permanent

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18
Q

What teeth are smaller in both their crown and root proportions?

A

Primary incisors

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19
Q

What are the primary molars wider mesiodistally than?

A

The permanent premolars which take their place

20
Q

What are the crowns of primary molar more?

A

Bulbous

21
Q

Which dentition is whiter?

A

Primary

22
Q

What tooth is unlike any other tooth in the primary dentition and why?

A

Upper/lower 1st molar
It has a prominent mesiobuccal tubercle

23
Q

What tooth has a transverse ridge in the primary dentition?

A

Upper 2nd molar

24
Q

What tooth has three bucal cusps (similar to first permanent molar)?

A

Lower 2nd molar

25
Q

What are the differences between primary and permanent teeth roots?

A

Primary teeth roots tend to be narrower and longer. They also flare apically to allow room in between for developing permanent crowns

26
Q

What are the differences between primary and permanent tooth pulps?

A

Primary teeth have a large pulp chamber.
Primary pulp herons extend high occlusally, placing them closer to the enamel than the pulp horns of permanent teeth

27
Q

What is more likely to happen in primary teeth during cavity preparation?

A

Pulpal exposure

28
Q

What are the differences between primary and permanent root canals?

A

Primary tend to be ribbon shaped with multiple interconnecting and accessory canals (impossible to clean completely)

29
Q

What is the differences between primary and permanent hard tissues?

A

Thickness of coronal dentine in primary is much thinner than permanent teeth
Enamel of primary teeth is relativity thin and has a consistent depth

30
Q

What is desired in the primary occlusion?

A

Anterior spacing to avoid crowding in permanent dentition

31
Q

What is the anthropoid/primate spacing found in primary occlusion?

A

In the upper arch - spacing mesial to upper canine
In the lower arch - spacing distal to lower canine

32
Q

What is the leeway space?

A

Space occupied by the primary molars medio-dismally, for the premolars that will replace them

33
Q

What is the measurement of the lee-way space?

A

1.5mm per side on upper arch
2.5mm per side on lower arch

34
Q

What development affects the occlusion?

A

Facial growth

35
Q

When does the mixed dentition stage begin and when does it end? (Plus what years?)

A

Begins at eruption of first permanent tooth
Ends at exfoliation of last primary tooth and eruption of permanent canine

Ages 6-11 years

36
Q

What is the eruption sequence and ages of upper arch?

Permanent Teeth

A

6 years - 1st molar
7 years - central incisor
8 years - lateral incisor
10 years - 1st premolar and 2nd premolar
11 years - canine
12 years - 2nd molar

37
Q

What is the eruption sequence and ages of lower arch?

Permanent Teeth

A

6 years - 1st molar and central incisor
7 years - lateral incisor
9 years - canine
10 years - 1st premolar and 2nd premolar
12 years - 2nd molar

38
Q

What arch erupts first in the permanent dentition?

A

The lower with the exception of the second premolars

39
Q

What does crowding in the upper arch usually lead to in permanent teeth?

A

Exclusion of the upper canine

40
Q

What does crowding in the lower arch usually lead to in permanent teeth?

A

Lack of space for the second premolar

41
Q

What is the difference in eruption of the canines in primary vs permanent teeth?

A

Primary canines are upright
Permanent canines are proclined leading to an increase in arch length

42
Q

How do permanent incisors develop in comparison to primary?

A

Permanent develop palatal

43
Q

What is the “ugly duckling phase”?

A

Transient spacing of upper 1’s may occur due to the close proximity of their roots to the erupting 2’s and 3’s

44
Q

When does the root formation complete in both primary/permanent dentition?

A

Primary = 1.5 years
Permanent = 3 years

45
Q

What are the differences in arch length of the primary and permanent teeth?

A

More length in the permanent

2 - Paediatric Dentistry (9 decks)

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