BIOL1A - marine environment

Question 1

What are the 3 modes of transportation of marine life?

Answer 1

free floating, free swimming, attaching/burrying into substrate.

Question 2

Describe free floating.

Answer 2

Transportation is determined by the water current.

Question 3

Describe free swimming.

Answer 3

Active swimming is needed to travel.

Question 4

What are the 6 discrete regions of zonation?

Answer 4

Intertidal, Neritic, Oceanic, Benthic, Photic, Aphotic.

Question 5

Describe intertidal zonation.

Answer 5

Area between land and sea.

Question 6

Describe neritic zonation.

Answer 6

Coastline area or on shelf.

Question 7

Describe oceanic zonation.

Answer 7

Area of open sea.

Question 8

Describe benthic zonation.

Answer 8

Area on the sea floor.

Question 9

What are the 2 main categories of plankton?

Answer 9

Phytoplankton and Zooplankton.

Question 10

What are nektons?

Answer 10

Marine life that can move independently.

Question 11

Name a few marine life that reside in the benthis zonation.

Answer 11

Starfish, coral, kelp, worms, surf grass.

Question 12

What are the physical features of the ocean’s liquid medium?

Answer 12

High density, affects light penetration, high viscosity, O2 vs. CO2 content, solute concentration, high heat capacity.

Question 13

Which one is more soluble in water: carbon dioxide or water?

Answer 13

carbon dioxide

Question 14

Which contains more oxygen per unit volume: water or air?

Answer 14

air.

Question 15

What are the 4 seasonal effects on bodies of water turnover?

Answer 15

during winter and summer stratification, there is a high concentration of O2 closer to the surface and nutrients closer to the floor. In spring and fall turnover, there is a mixing of nutrients and O2.

Question 16

Name 3 physical features of the ocean.

Answer 16

liquid medium, daily/seasonal rhythms, physical stress from wave action.

Question 17

Describe counter shading.

Answer 17

The top and bottom of the animal looks similar to it’s background depending on where the animal is being looked at. Example, the sharks ventral area looks like the same color or the ocean’s surface.

Question 18

Describe disruptive coloration.

Answer 18

The color patterns on an animal does not reveal the real shape of the animal’s body.

Question 19

Why is counter current more efficient at oxygen extraction?

Answer 19

Difussion of oxygen is greater in counter current. As blood flows against water flow, more oxygen can be extracted over a given surface area.

Question 20

Describe how a fish’s body is designed. Why is this body type adapted for surviving in water?

Answer 20

Most fish’s bodies are designed to be a sphere inside a housing. This shape decreases the amount of drag while moving through a fluid.