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prelims aamt 1-10 > Theory of Flights > Flashcards

Theory of Flights Flashcards

1
Q

Described bird flight as the combined effect of the action of the individual feathers as they twist and turn during flight and the complex flapping of the wings.

A

1680 of Giovanni Borelli’s De Motu Animalum

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2
Q

Ancestors of modern aviation and airplane

A

kites

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3
Q

Year kites are flown and where

A

400 BC in China

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4
Q

When and Who put on a pair of wings and leapt

A

1020 AD Oliver of Malmesbury

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5
Q

Worked with Air, Pressure, and steam to create sources of power

A

Ancient Greek Engineer Heron Alexandrinus

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6
Q

Experiment which used hets of steam to create a rotary motion

A

aeolipile or Hero’s engine

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7
Q

who designed the first successful flying craft

A

Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier

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8
Q

The first aviators

A

duck, rooster, and sheep

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9
Q

First who discovered how wings work

A

Sir George Cayley

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10
Q

Sentence that set in motion the future study of aerodynamics

A

“The whole problem is confined within these limits, namely to make a surface support a given weight by the application of power to the resistance of air”

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11
Q

Time and Date of of the first successful airplane

A

10:35 am on December 17, 1903

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12
Q

Name of the first successful airplane

A

Flyer

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13
Q

Who made the world’s first successful airplane

A

Orville and Wilbur Wright

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14
Q

Describe the first airplane

A

Has own engine that weighed 200 pounds, 4 cylinders, make 12 horsepower. Has no seat and had to lay in the bottom wing.

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15
Q

three sectors of aviation community

A

commercial aviation, general aviation, military aviation

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16
Q

what is commercial aviation

A

airplane for hire, can fly domestically or internationally

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17
Q

what is general aviation

A

non-commercial business flights, aerial work, instructional and pleasure flying and other flying

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18
Q

what is military aviation

A

search and rescue operation, disaster operation, crash and retrieval operation, dog military operation.

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19
Q

two categories of aircraft

A

lighter-than-air aircraft and heavier-than-air aircraft

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20
Q

powered aircraft with a wing and tail

A

airplane

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21
Q

aircraft having no engine which is capable of free flight only while it is descending through the air

A

glider / sailplanes / seaplane

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22
Q

A machine that can drive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface. A weight carry structure, supported by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces, intended for navigation in the air.

A

aircraft

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23
Q

widely known as conventional airplane having fuselage, wings and empennage

A

airplane

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24
Q

It’s a non-power-driven aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surface which remain fixed and conditions of flight.

A

gliders

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25
Q

a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power.

A

airships

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26
Q

It is also defined as the type of aircraft of the same design including all modifications there to except those modifications which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics.

A

heavier-than-air aircraft

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27
Q

have the fewest operating limitations because their design requirements demand more strength than those of normal or utility airplanes “an intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in an aircraft’s attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration, not necessary for normal flight.”

A

aerobatic airplane

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28
Q

aircraft designed to fly short, frequent routes from a small airport to a larger hub airport. Small airports have shorter runways which may limit the largest commuter aircraft to regional jets or turboprop-powered planes with nineteen (19) passengers or less.

A

commuter airplane

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29
Q

usually refers to airliners and other large airplanes that exceed certain weight limits of 8,619 kilograms or more than the passenger-carrying capacity more than 19 seats.

A

transport airplane

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30
Q

is for special purpose airplane such as agricultural spray airplane or slurry bombers to fight forest fires.

A

restricted airplane

31
Q

an aircraft that has not yet been fully proven in flight. Often, this implies that new aerospace technologies are being tested on the aircraft, though the label is broader.

A

experimental aircraft

32
Q

major components of an aircraft

A

powerplant, wing, empennage, fuselage, landing gears

33
Q

central body of an airplane and is designed to accommodate the crew, passengers, and cargo. It also provides the structural connection for the wings and tail assembly. Older types of aircraft design utilized an open truss structure constructed of wood, steel, or aluminum tubing.

A

fuselage

34
Q

airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that support the airplane in flight . may be attached at the top, middle, or lower
portion of the fuselage. These designs are referred to
as high-, mid-, and low-wing, respectively .
The number of wings can also vary.

A

wing

35
Q

principal structural parts of the wings

A

spars, ribs, stringers

36
Q

determine the shape and thickness of the wing (airfoil)

A

wing ribs

37
Q

are either an integral part of the wing’s structure or consist of flexible containers mounted inside of the wing.

A

fuel tanks

38
Q

includes the entire tail group and consists of fixed surfaces, such as the vertical stabilizer and the horizontal stabilizer. The movable surfaces include the rudder, the elevator, and one or more trim tabs.

A

empennage

39
Q

principal support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or landing.

A

landing gear

40
Q

usually includes both the engine and the propeller. The primary function of the engine is to provide the power to turn the propeller.

A

powerplant

41
Q

mounted on the front of the engine, translates the rotating force of the engine into thrust, a forward acting force that helps move the airplane through the air. rotating airfoil that produces thrust through aerodynamic action

A

propeller

42
Q

any surface, such as wing, which provides aerodynamic force when it interacts with a moving stream of air.

A

airfoil

43
Q

this part of the airfoil meets the airflow first.

A

leading edge

44
Q

this is the portion of the airfoil where the airflow over the upper surface rejoins the lower surface airflow.

A

trailing edge

45
Q

is an imaginary straight line drawn through an airfoil from the leading edge to the trailing edge.

A

chord line

46
Q

the characteristic curve of its upper and lower surfaces.

A

camber

47
Q

this is the direction of the airflow with respect to the wing.

A

relative wind

48
Q

this is the angle between the chordline of the airfoil and the direction of the relative wind.

A

angle of attack

49
Q

distinguished by having identical upper and lower surfaces. The mean camber line and chord line are the same on a symmetrical airfoil, and it produces no lift at zero AOA. Most light helicopters incorporate symmetrical airfoils in the main rotor blades.

A

symmetrical airfoil

50
Q

has different upper and lower surfaces, with a greater curvature of the airfoil above the chord line than below. The mean camber line and chord line are different. The nonsymmetrical airfoil design can produce useful lift at zero AOA. A nonsymmetrical design has advantages and disadvantages.

A

nonsymmetrical airfoil (cambered)

51
Q

refers to the shape of the airplane’s wing when viewed from above and below.

A

planform

52
Q

affects the difference in the velocity of the airflow between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. If the upper camber increases and the lower camber remains the same, the velocity differential increases.

A

camber

53
Q

is the relationship between the length and width of the wing. It is one of the primary factors in determining lift/drag characteristics.

A

aspect ratio

54
Q

total surface area of the wings. Most wing don’t produce a great amount of lift per square foot, so wing area must be sufficient to support the weight of the airplane.

A

wing area

55
Q

burning created gas causing a craft to rise.

A

Montgolfier’s gas

56
Q

known as father of aviation

A

George Cayley

57
Q

constructed the first aircraft that was heavier than air

A

George Cayley

58
Q

issues licenses as regards to the repair, alteration, inspection, and maintenance of military airplanes.

A

Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines

59
Q

easily recognized by its large overhead propeller called rotor

A

rotary wing aircraft

60
Q

have powered rotor both vertical and horizontal motion through the air

A

helicopters

61
Q

type of rotorcraft whose main rotors are not connected to the engine except for the initial spin up. Aerodynamic forces causes the main rotor for spin during normal light

A

gyroplanes

62
Q

airplanes with a single set of wings

A

monoplane

63
Q

airplanes with two sets of wings

A

biplanes

64
Q

most type of landing gear

A

wheels

65
Q

landing gears for water

A

floats

66
Q

landing gears for snow

A

skis

67
Q

It also generates electrical power, provides a vacuum source for some flight instruments, and in most single-engine airplanes, provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers.

A

powerplant

68
Q

direction of the relative wind and flight path

A

relative wind is upward and back while flight path is parallel to and opposite.

69
Q

when the angle of attack increases, what increases?

A

lift

70
Q

how does the lift act towards the relative wind

A

parallel

71
Q

formula of the aspect ratio

A

span / average chord

72
Q

the higher the aspect ratio, the higher is what?

A

lifting efficiency

73
Q

explain the bernoulli’s principle

A

the higher the velocity, the lower the pressure and the lower the velocity, the higher the pressure

prelims aamt 1-10 (4 decks)

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