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Nutrition and Diet Therapy > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

are inorganic elements that perform structural and metabolic functions when combined with other compounds.

A

Minerals

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2
Q

Major minerals are needed by the body in amounts of at least ____ while trace minerals are needed in amounts of less than 100mg daily.

A

100 mg/day

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3
Q

those which are present in the body in amounts of 5 grams or more and require an intake of at least 100mg/day)

A

Major minerals

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4
Q

those which are present in amounts of less than 5 grams and require an intake of less than 100mg/day).

A

Trace minerals

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5
Q

Structural component of bones and teeth
-Nerve impulse conduction
-Muscle contraction

A

Calcium

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6
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of calcium?

A

Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Tetany (Chvostek’s sign)

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7
Q

Toxicity symptom of calcium?

A

Risk of kidney stones
High blood calcium - calcification of soft tissues

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8
Q

Structural component of bones -Synthesis of ATP, phospholipids -Acid-base balance

A

Phosphorus

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9
Q

Food source of phosphorus

A

Protein-rich foods such as dairy, meats, poultry, legumes

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10
Q

Deficiency symptom of phosphorus

A

Rare cases of deficiency but can lead to anorexia, muscle weakness, confusion

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11
Q

Coenzyme of metabolism -Maintenance of heart rhythm

A

Magnesium

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12
Q

What are the food sources of magnesium?

A

Green leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts

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13
Q

What are the deficiency symptom of magnesium?

A

Neuromuscular excitability
Cardiac arrhythmias
Low blood K and Ca

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14
Q

Toxicity symptom of magnesium

A

Diarrhea, mental status changes, muscle weakness, arrhythmias

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15
Q

Component of some amino acids, bile
-Synthesis of connective tissue, fibrinogen, estrogen

A

Sulfate

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16
Q

What are the food sources of sulfate?

A

Drinking water
High protein foods

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17
Q

Deficiency of sulfate?

A

Growth stunting

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18
Q

What are toxicity symptoms of sulfate?

A

Acute toxicity –> osmotic diarrhea

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19
Q

Maintenance of plasma volume -Cell membrane potential and active transport of substances across cell membranes

A

Sodium

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20
Q

Deficiency of sodium

A

Decreased extracellular fluid volume

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21
Q

Toxicity symptom of sodium?

A

Altered fluid volume
Potential for hypertension

22
Q

Nerve cell transmission
-Muscle contraction
-Fluid balance

A

Potassium

23
Q

What are the food sources of potassium?

A

Fruits- banana, dried fruit, melon
Vegetables- tuberous root and green leafy legumes

24
Q

What are the trace minerals?

A

Iron
Zinc
Selenium
Copper
Fluoride
Chromium
Iodine
Manganese
Molybdenum

25
Q

Function of iron?

A

Oxygen transport

26
Q

Function of zinc?

A

Enzyme cofactor

27
Q

Function of selenium?

A

Antioxidant

28
Q

Food source of selenium?

A

Brazil nuts
Beef
Seafood

29
Q

Deficiency symptombof selenium

A

Hypothyroidism

30
Q

What is the toxicity symptom of selenium?

A

Hair loss
Garlicky breath
Fatigue
Intestinal complaints

31
Q

What is the function of copper?

A

Coenzyme, synthesis of connective tissue, collagen

32
Q

Food source of copper

A

Organ meats
Seafood
Nuts
Grauns

33
Q

What is the deficiency symptim of copper?

A

Anemia
Bone mineralization

34
Q

What is the toxicity symptom of copper?

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Cirrhosis
Liver failure

35
Q

Mineralization of bones and teeth

A

Flouride

36
Q

What is the food source of flouride?

A

Drinking water

37
Q

Deficiency symptoms of fluoride?

A

Increased risk of dental caries

38
Q

Toxicity symptom of fluoride?

A

Fluorosis

39
Q

What is the function of chromium?

A

Cofactor of insulin activity

40
Q

What is the food source of chromium?

A

Red wine
Animal flesh proteins

41
Q

What is the deficiency symptom of chromium?

A

Glucose tolerance

42
Q

What is the function of iodine?

A

Component of thyroid hormone

43
Q

What is the food source of iodine?

A

Seafood
Iodized salt

44
Q

What is the deficiency symptoms of iodine?

A

Thyroid disease
Goiter
Congenital hypothyroidism

45
Q

What is the toxicity symptom of iodine?

A

Thyroid disease

46
Q

What is the function of manganese?

A

Bone formation
Metabolism

47
Q

What is the food source of manganese?

A

Legumes
Grains
Nuts

48
Q

What is the deficiency in manganese?

A

Slowed growth

49
Q

What is the function of molybdenum?

A

Cofactor in metabolism

50
Q

What are the food sources of molybdenum?

A

Legumes
Grains
Nuts

51
Q

What is the deficiency symptoms of molybdenum?

A

Neurological damage with inborn error of metabolism

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (6 decks)

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