Liver Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

function of the liver, and what can happen if damaged

A
  • Essential role in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism as well as micronutrient metabolism
    >Damage can affect metabolism and utilization of nutrients
  • Tremendous storage capacity, functional reserve and regenerative capacity
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2
Q

liver disease presentations

A
  • elevations in liver enzymes without clinical signs
  • to severe cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy and ascites
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3
Q

Goals for Nutritional Management of liver disease

A

Directed at clinical manifestation rather than specific cause

  • Maintain normal metabolic processes and homeostasis without overwhelming the
    damaged liver
    > Energy metabolism
    > Oxidative damage
    > Electrolyte balance
  • Provide sufficient nutrients for hepatocellular repair and regeneration
  • Avoid or manage hepatic encephalopathy
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4
Q

key nutritional factors for dogs and cats with liver disease

A

Most patients with liver disease can continue to eat a complete and balance diet for their life stage

-if signs of hepatic encephalopathy, DM protein levels should be limited to 10-15% for dogs and 25-30% for cats until signs resolve

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5
Q

dietary fat considerations in cases of liver disease

A

Beneficial
* Energy source > protein-sparing effect
* Essential fatty acids
* Fat soluble vitamin absorption
* Enhance palatability

  • No need for restriction unless steatorrhea
  • Cholestatic disease (biliary duct obstruction, gall bladder removal)
  • Concurrent diseases causing fat malassimilation
  • Avoid high fat in dogs predisposed to pancreatitis or hyperlipidemia
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6
Q

dietary protein considerations in cases of liver disease

A
  • NOT restricted unless signs of hepatic encephalopathy (increased ammonium)
  • Minimum set by AAFCO should be met and exceeded provided patient tolerance
  • Protein intake relative to current intakeDiet history!!
  • Meet essential amino acid requirements
  • Especially taurine and arginine in cats
  • Taurine supplementation may be needed in dogs
  • Plant-based and dairy protein reduce signs of HE
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7
Q

what is hepatic encephalopathy

A

is a reversible syndrome observed in patients with advanced liver dysfunction
- accumulation of neurotoxic substances in the bloodstream (and ultimately in the brain)

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8
Q

diet for HE dog considerations

A

-want to reduce protein to reduce ammonia…but also minimum protein requirements must be met

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9
Q

what can help reduce ammonia absorption from the gut

A

soluble fibre

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10
Q

avoid copper at what levels in diet to stop copper-associated hepatotoxicosis, in certain breeds

A
  • Copper restriction < 5.0 mg/kg DM
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11
Q

key nutritional factor for hepatic lipidosis

A

high protein

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12
Q
A
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