neurohistology

Question 1

Excitatatory neurotransmitters

Answer 1

Glutamatergic neurons
Cholinergic neurons

Question 2

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 2

GABAergic neurons
Glycinergic neurons

Question 3

Modulatory / polymodal neurotransmitters

Answer 3

Neurons that release biogenic amines :
noradrenergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic

Question 4

Bipolar neurons which have one axon and one dendrite are in

Answer 4

○ olfactory cells of the nose,
○ certain neurons of the retina, and
○ sensory neurons of the ear.

Question 4

Unipolar neurons r located in

Answer 4

spinal (dorsal root) ganglia
and sensory ganglia
of cranial nerves
(CN) 5,7,9,10,

Question 4

Structural classification of Neurons

Answer 4

●Unipolar/Pseudounipolar
● Bipolar
● Multipolar
● Anaxonic (In retina)

Question 5

Golgi type 1 neurons are known for having

Answer 5

long axons ( i.e span a long distance )

Question 5

Golgi type 1 neurons include

Answer 5

○ Pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex
○ Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex
○ Motor cells of the spinal cord

Question 5

Golgy type II neurons are known for _____

Answer 5

their short axon

Question 6

the structure. of Golgi type 2 neurons which give them a star-shaped
appearance;

Answer 6

short dendrites

Question 7

Golgi type 2 neurons are numerous in

Answer 7

cerebral and
cerebellar cortex and are often inhibitory
in function.

Question 8

Aggregation of polysomes and Rough endoplasmic reticulum found in the perikaryon ( cell body ) of neuorons

Answer 8

Nissl substance ( NT : NOT IN AXON/AXON HILLOCK)

Question 9

In axonal transport - movement away from the soma down the axon
- movement up the axon toward the soma

Answer 9

Anterograde transport
Retrograde transport

Question 10

Axonal transport may be inhibited by ——— which depolymerizes
microtubules.

Answer 10

Colchicine

Question 11

FAST ANTEROGRADE (by kinesin )occurs at the rate
of

Answer 11

200-400mm/day

Question 12

FAST RETROGRADE (by dynein) occurs at the rate of

Answer 12

100-200mm/day

Question 13

SLOW ANTEROGRADE occurs at the rate of

Answer 13

1 to 5
mm/day.
NT:
Damaged nerves regenerate at a
speed governed by slow axonal
transport.

Question 14

CNS neuroglia not derived from neural crest

Answer 14

microglia

Question 15

cells for regeneration of damaged PNS nerve fibers

Answer 15

Schwann cells. ( separated by nodes of ranvier )

Question 16

fibrous astrocytes are in
Protoplasmic astrocytes are in

Answer 16

white matter
gray matter

Question 17

cells associated with ependymal cells

Answer 17

Tanycytes

Question 18

The anterograde degeneration
characterized by the disappearance of axons and myelin
sheaths and the secondary proliferation of Schwann cells.

Answer 18

Wallerian degeneration

Question 19

The result of retrograde degeneration in
the neurons of the CNS and PNS resulting in loss of Nissl substance

Answer 19

Chromatolysis

Question 20

A 10-year-old boy has severed his radial nerve. Which of the following cells
plays a major role in axonal regrowth?

(A) Fibrous astrocytes
(B) Fibroblasts
(C) Oligodendrocytes
(D) Protoplasmic astrocytes
(E) Schwann cells

Answer 20

(E) Schwann cells

Question 21

regeneration of PNS nerve fibers is at a rate of

Answer 21

3mm/day

Question 22

sensory fiber for proprioception, golgi tendon, organ

Answer 22

sensory axons 1b

Question 23

sensory fiber for fast pain
for slow pain

Answer 23

sensory axon 3
sensory axon 4

Question 23

cutaneous receptors with free nerve endings

Answer 23

● nociceptors (pain)
● thermoreceptors (cold and heat)

Question 24

blood brain barrier by astrocytes involves

Answer 24

the tight junctions of
nonfenestrated endothelial cells;

Question 25

A 46-year-old female nurse complains of right-sided hearing loss and vertigo
(dizziness). A small tumor was demonstrated within the internal auditory
canal. Which structure listed below accounts for the hearing loss and vertigo?
A) arachnoid cyst
(B) ependymoma
(C) epidermoid cyst
(D) meningioma
(E) Schwannoma

Answer 25

e. schwannoma

Question 25

Tumors of nervous system are derived from ____ cells

Answer 25

three glial cell types:
○ astrocytes(most common)
○ oligodendrocytes, and
○ Ependymocytes.

Question 26

oligodendrocytomas are commonly found in

ependymomas are commonly found in

medulloblastomas are found in

Answer 26

cerebral hemispheres

lumbosacral segment of spinal cord

cerebellum

Question 27

meningiomas are derived from

Answer 27

mesoderm

Question 28

aggregations of protein in parkinson disease

Answer 28

Lewy body

Question 29

intracytoplasmic
inclusions that are pathognomonic of
rabies.

Answer 29

Negry bodies

Question 30

Negry bodies are found in

Answer 30

pyramidal cells of the hippocampus
Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.

Question 31

rodlike inclusions that are
found in the hippocampus of patients
with Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 31

Hirano bodies

Question 32

a small, stainable body
of chromatin in the inner surface of the nuclear
envelope in the female

Answer 32

barr bodies