Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMB Test 1 > B7-021 Spinal Cord Injury > Flashcards

B7-021 Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards

1
Q

responsible for bladder/bowel retention

A

SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

responsible for bladder/bowel emptying

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the effect of SNS on the bladder walls and sphincter?

A

relaxation of bladder walls
constriction of sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the effect of PNS the bladder walls and sphincter?

A

contraction of bladder walls
relaxation of sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do the PNS preganglionic neurons that control bowel/bladder function reside?

A

sacral cord (S2-S4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where do the SNS preganglionic neurons that control bowel/bladder function reside?

A

thoracic and upper lumbar cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sensory afferents to the bowel and bladder enter at the […] cord

A

sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

controls the detrusor muscles in the bladder

A

frontal micturition inhibiting area

(in cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

controls the activity of sphincters

A

sensorimotor sphincter control area

(in cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

region in the pons that organizes functional activity of the bowel/bladder

A

pontine micturition center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

allows changes to bowel/bladder function under voluntary control from the cortex

A

pontine micturition center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons that control emptying the bladder are located in the […] cord

A

sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the sympathetic preganglionic neurons that control bladder retention are located in the […] cord

A

lower thoracic/upper lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

smooth muscle bladder structures under the control of the autonomic nervous system [2]

A

detrusor muscle
internal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the external sphincter is under […] muscle control

A

voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in order for the parasympathetic nervous system to allow for bladder emptying, the detrusor must [….] and the internal sphincter must […]

A

detrusor must contract
internal sphincter must relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in order for the sympathetic nervous system to allow for retention, the detrusor must [….] and the internal sphincter must […]

A

detrusor must relax
internal sphincter must contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

send information about the state/stretch of the bladder to higher centers

A

sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the origin of the sympathetic innervation to the bladder

A

IMLC synapses at inferior mesenteric ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the origin of the parasympathetic innervation to the bladder

A

pons –> sacral cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

innervates the external sphincter

A

pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the origin of voluntary motor innervation to the bladder

A

pons –> ventral horn of sacral cord –> pudendal nerve —> external sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a reflex loop in the spinal cord allows for [….] of the bladder

A

reflex emptying

(like in a baby, before these pathways are well developed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lesions between the pons and sacral cord will cause symptoms similar to

A

UMN lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

flaccid, acontractile bladder
overflow incontinence due to laughing, sneezing, coughing, etc

A

acute central lesion or peripheral lesion

(catheterization can help prevent overflow)

26
Q

hyperreflexic bladder
low urine volume

A

chronic central lesions

27
Q

carries touch, vibration, and sensory information from the skin to the primary somatosensory cortex

A

DC/ML

28
Q

carries voluntary motor signals from the motor cortex to the peripheral neurons

A

corticospinal tract

29
Q

carries pain and temperature information from the skin to the primary somatosensory cortex

A

spinothalamic tract

30
Q

things to consider when localizing lesions [4]

A
  1. what side of the body is affected?
  2. what region (level) of the body is affected?
  3. what sensory is affected?
  4. what motor is affected?
31
Q

lesions in the spinal cord of the spinothalamic pathway will produce […] deficits

A

contralateral

32
Q

lesions in the spinal cord of the corticospinal and DC/ML pathways will produce […] deficits

A

ipsilateral

33
Q

spastic paralysis
hyperactive reflexes
little atrophy

indicates damage in

A

UMN

34
Q

flaccid paralysis
hypoactive reflexes
atrophy

indicates damage in

A

LMN

35
Q

constellation of symptoms ocurring after spinal cord hemisection is called [….]

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

(can be transection or caused by tumor)

36
Q

hemisection of the corticospinal tract will cause

A

ipsilateral spastic paralysis that begins at the level of transection and affects every level below that

37
Q

hemisection of the DC/ML tract will cause

A

ipsilateral deficit of touch, proprioception, and sensation
that begins at the level of transection and affects every level below that

38
Q

hemisection of the spinothalamic tract will cause

A

contralateral deficit of pain and temperature sensation
that begins a couple levels below transection and affects every level below that

39
Q

damage to the ventral horn of the spinal cord will damage what pathway?

A

damage the alpha motor neurons (LMN) for the corticospinal pathway

(would see ipsilateral flaccid paralysis following a myotome)
gray matter

40
Q

damage to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord will damage what pathway?

A

damage to both DC/ML and spinothalamic pathways

(dermatomal ipsilateral loss of both touch and pain/temperature information)
gray matter

41
Q

damage to the fasciulus gracillis would result in

A

ipsilateral loss of touch and vibration sensation in the legs

42
Q

white matter damage to the cord would result in […] pain and temperature loss

A

contralateral

43
Q

damage to the […] produces deficits confined to a dermatomal level

A

gray matter

44
Q

damage to the […] impedes information that is ascending/descending the cord and results in deficits at the level of damage and below

A

white matter

45
Q

carry somatosensory information about ipsilateral touch and proprioception

A

dorsal columns

46
Q

carries the axons of UMNs

A

corticospinal tract

(damage to the white matter will always result in spastic paralysis)

47
Q

the first order neuron of the spinothalamic tract lies in the

A

dorsal root ganglion

48
Q

the cell bodies that give rise to the axons in the spinothalamic tract reside in the

A

contralateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord

49
Q

the cell bodes that give rise to the lateral corticospinal tract are located in the

A

contralateral motor cortex

50
Q

the cell body of the UMN lives in the

A

contralateral motor cortex

51
Q

damage to the DC/ML will result in […] deficit

A

ipsilateral

52
Q

damage to the spinothalamic tract will result in […] deficit

A

contralateral

53
Q

why is the sensory deficit level for pain and temperature loss lower than the affected level?

A

sensory neurons initially ascend ipsilaterally for a couple of levels, then dessucate and ascend contralaterally

54
Q

how would a mid-thoracic lesion affect bladder function?

A

loss of UMN pathway of voluntary control
SNS and PSNS still intact, but loss of voluntary control would cause a hyperreflexic, spastic bladder with urge frequency and incontinence

55
Q

pain and temperature afferents ascend […] for one to two levels (in Lissauers tract), then synapse in the […] dorsal horn (substantia gelantinosa)

A

ipsilateral
ipsilateral

(then second order neuron dessucates and ascends in contralateral ALS)

56
Q

damage to the […] would produce ipsilateral flaccid paralysis in a dermatomal pattern

A

anterior horn

57
Q

the spinothalamic tract dessucated in the […]

A

anterior white commissure

58
Q

syrinx can cause

A

central cord syndrome

59
Q

damage to […] results in hyperreflexive spastic bladder

A

axons descending from pons micturition centers

60
Q

overflow incontinence results from damage to […] in the sacral cord

A

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

BMB Test 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions