Exam 1 - Lecture 2: Neural Induction and Pattern Formation

Question 1

Neural induction occurs when the ______ is converted to _____ through the suppression of __________

Answer 1

neural induction, ectoderm, BMP signaling

Question 2

What happens in early embryology?

Answer 2

Post fertilization: egg cell undergoes cleavages (rapid cell division) to form the multicellular blastula

Question 3

How does the fertilized egg become a blastula?

Answer 3

1: rapid divisions (cleavage)
2: formation of inner pocket: blastocoel
Ex: Xenopus (Frog)

Question 4

What is the formation of the nervous system ?(human)

Answer 4

two cell stage, four cell stage, blastocyst, implantation, gastrulating embryo, neurula

Question 5

What are the 3 anatomical axes?

Answer 5

anterior - posterior, dorsal - ventral, medial lateral

Question 6

What are the sectioning planes?

Answer 6

1. coronal (frontal, transverse)
2. horizontal (axial)
3. sagittal (cutting at mid-line)

Question 7

What is blastula polarity like?

Answer 7

Animal pole and vegetal pole
- cells in animal pole will give rise to epidermis and nervous system
- vegetal pole will produce guit
- cells in between the poles will produce musculoskeletal system

Differentiation: different cell types start to emerge

Question 8

How does blastula to gastrula?

Answer 8

rearrangement of cells within blastula into primary (or germ) layers
- involution converts Blastula to Gastrula