monomers and polymers

Question 1

what are monomers

Answer 1

-The smaller units from which larger molecules are made.

Question 2

what are polymers

Answer 2

-Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

Question 3

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 3

-A condensation reaction joins two monomers together with the formation of a covalent bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water.

Question 4

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 4

-A hydrolysis reaction breaks the covalent bond between two monomers and involves the use of a water molecule.

Question 5

what is amino acid

Answer 5

-A monomer which makes up proteins. Has a central carbon atom which is bonded to a carboxylic acid group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom and a R group.

Question 6

what is a monosaccharide

Answer 6

-A single sugar eg glucose. The monomers of long chain carbohydrate polymers

Question 7

What is a nucleotide

Answer 7

-A compound consisting of an organic base and ribose sugar linked to a phosphate group.
Nucleotides form monomers of nucleic acids such as DNA.

Question 8

what is a organic molecule

Answer 8

-Molecules containing carbon that can be found in living things; four classes are carbohydrates, proteins (chain of amino acids), lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 9

examples of monomers

Answer 9

-Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides

Question 10

examples of polymers

Answer 10

-Polysaccharides : glycogen, cellulose,starch

-Polypeptide : enzymes, antibodies, channel proteins, hemoglobin

-Polynucleotide: Dna, Rna

Question 11

What are the 4 things that make up all life

Answer 11

-Carbohydrates - respiratory substrates which provide energy for cells, also used for structure in cell membranes and cell walls in plants

-Lipids - can be used as respiratory substrates which provide energy for cells, form a bilayer in cell membranes and make up some hormones.

-Proteins - main component of many cellular structures, form enzymes and chemical messengers.

-Nucleic Acids - form polymers (DNA and RNA) which make up the genetic material of organisms. Code for the sequence of amino acids which make up all proteins.

Question 12

What is a glycosidic bond

Answer 12

-A chemical bond in the form of a covalent connection that connects a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which might be another carbohydrate or not.

Question 13

What monosaccharide is starch and glycogen made of

Answer 13

-A glucose

Question 14

What monosaccharide is cellulose made of

Answer 14

-B glucose

Question 15

Structure of starch

Answer 15

-Mixture of two polysaccharides:
Amylose = long UNBRANCHED
glycosidic bonds are also 1-6. forms colled/spring shape.
Amylopectin = long BRANCHED chain due to 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 16

Properties of starch

Answer 16

-Amylose : coiling makes it compact and stores more in smaller space

-Amylopectin : branches increase surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds allowing glucose to be released quickly

Question 17

Properties of glycogen

Answer 17

• branches increase surface area for enzymes to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds allowing glucose to be released quickly
  -compact so good for storage

Question 18

Structure of glycogen

Answer 18

-A long, branched chain with lots of side branches. Glycosidic bond 1-6

(more branched than amylopectin)

Question 19

Structure of cellulose

Answer 19

-Long unbranched straight chain.Cellulose chain linked together by hydrogen bonds between glucose molecule in each chain to form thicker fibres called microfibrils

-Glycosidic bond 1-4

Question 20

Properties of cellulose

Answer 20

-Microfibrils are very strong but still flexible allowing them to provide support