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Psychology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The scientific method is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists use to conduct research.

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2
Q

What do we mean when we say that scientific research should be objective?

A

Scientific research should be free from all bias.

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3
Q

True or false

Good theories are falsifiable, meaning that they can be proven incorrect.

A

True.

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4
Q

What is a research hypothesis?

A

A specific or falsifiable prediction about the relationship of two variables that can take a number of different values.

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5
Q

What are conceptual variables?

A

These are abstract ideas that form the basis of a research hypothesis.

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6
Q

What are the requirements for ethical research?

A
  • Trust and positive rapport
  • The experimenter treats the participant with concern and respect.
  • Researchers must protect the participants privacy.
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7
Q

When does deception occur in an experiment?

A

When the subjects are not fully informed about the nature of the experiment.

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8
Q

What is a research design?

A

A research design is a specific method a researcher uses to collect, analyze and interpret data.

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9
Q

What is descriptive research?

A

It involves assessing the current state of affairs.

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10
Q

What are case studies?

A

They are descriptive records of an individuals experiences and behavior.

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11
Q

Define the word sample.

A

The sample are the group of people that are willing and able to participate in the research.

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12
Q

Define the word population.

A

The population is the much larger version of the sample that the researcher is trying to learn more about.

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13
Q

What is central tendency?

A

Central tendency is the point on the distribution curve where all the data is centered.

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14
Q

What is the arithmetic mean?

A

This is the most common measure of central tendency.

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15
Q

What is correlational research?

A

This focused on measuring two variables and figuring out the relationship between them.

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16
Q

What is a common-casual variable?

A

A common-casual variable is a variable that is not a part of the research, but still affects the relationship between the variables.

17
Q

What is consciousness?

A

Consciousness is a term meant to indicate awareness. It can also be defined as our subjective awareness of ourselves and out surroundings.

18
Q

Who introduced the idea of “Subconscious”?

A

Freud.

19
Q

What are the two levels of awareness?

A
  • Low level awareness
  • High level awareness
20
Q

What is low level awareness associated with?

A

Low-level awareness is more associated with the subconscious and things we don’t usually notice.

21
Q

What is high-level awareness associated with?

A

High-level awareness is associated with mindfulness which is a state of mind where a person is fully aware of the thoughts in their mind.

22
Q

What is the flexible correction model?

A

The flexible correction model is the idea that if a person is aware that their thoughts and behavior are being manipulated by an outside source, they will correct the bias.

23
Q

What is the idea of dualism?

A

Dualism is the idea that consciousness and the brain/ body are two different entities. In contrast to this, psychologists believe that the mind and consciousness are the same and not different.

24
Q

What defines good research?

A

Good research is valid research.

25
Q

What is construct validity?

A

construct validity is the idea that variables don’t actually measure the conceptual variables of interest.

26
Q

What is internal validity?

A

Internal validity is the extent to which we can trust the conclusions drawn about the variables.

27
Q

What is external validity?

A

External validity is the extent to which the research can be generalized outside of the specific conditions of the experiment.

28
Q

Before psychologists can begin a research project, they must receive approval from the:

A

Institutional Review Board.

Psychology (12 decks)

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