Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology and the Process of Science Flashcards
the science that studies life
Biology
key characteristics of all living organisms
order, response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, homeostasis, and energy processing.
highly organized and consist of one or more cells
Organisms
remarkably complex
Single-celled organisms
inside each cell
atoms come together through chemical bonding and form molecules.
Molecules come together to form cell components or structures
organelles
consist of millions of cells
multicellular organisms
respond to diverse stimuli
Organisms
tiny bacteria can move toward or away from chemicals, a process called
chemotaxis
A movement toward a stimulus is considered a
positive response
movement away from a stimulus is regarded as a
negative response
necessary on both a cellular and organismal level
Reproduction
For a population to survive, some individuals within that population must
reproduce
begins by first duplicating their genetic material. Once the genetic material is duplicated, it is then divided equally into two new cells. The two new daughter cells should be identical to the parent cell.
Reproduction
are a consequence of evolution by natural selection
Adaptations
has had some impact on every lineage of reproducing organisms
Evolution
are vital because they enhance an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce; however, are not constant
Adaptations
causes the individuals in a population to adapt to those changes
natural selection
is often described as the processes that an individual goes through as it grows and matures
Development
or “steady state” is the ability of an organism to regulate and maintain constant internal conditions.
Homeostasis
require appropriate conditions such as proper temperature, pH, and concentrations of nutrients to function correctly
Cells
is a process where light energy can be captured and converted into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
Organisms that are capable of making their own chemical energy are referred to as
autotrophs
Others must obtain their chemical energy by consuming other organisms. These individuals are referred to as
heterotrophs
is the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter
consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons
atom
form molecules
Atoms
is a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond
molecule
is a large molecule that is typically formed by combining smaller molecules
macromolecule
are small molecules linked together to form the macromolecule
nucleotides
are small structures that exist within cells and perform specialized functions.
Organelles
All living things are made of
cells
is the smallest fundamental unit found in living organisms
cells