3.4 Biological Molecules – Lipids Flashcards
a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists
in a solid form at room temperature
fat
a chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine
gland or group of endocrine cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological processes
hormone
describes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving
hydrophilic
describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing
hydrophobic
a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water
lipids
an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature
oil
a major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a
phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone
phospholipid
a long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain;
the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized
saturated fatty acid
a type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings
steroid
a form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across
from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond
trans-fat
a fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule
triglyceride
a long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds
in the hydrocarbon chain
unsaturated fatty acid
a type of lipid made up of a hydrocarbon chain with an alcohol (–OH) group and a fatty
acid
waxes