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MA: Chp 51 & 52: Injections > Chp 52 > Flashcards

Chp 52 Flashcards

1
Q

when are parenteral injectables chosen over other methods

A
  • pt unable to tolerate meds by moth
  • other routes don’t give desired effect quickly/predictably
  • oral meds would be destroyed by GI
  • continuous delivery required for outcome
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2
Q

what syringe types do MAs commonly use

A

insulin, 3 mL, TB

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3
Q

where should you avoid giving injections

A

in affected arm of pts that had surgery to remove lymph nodes in armpit

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4
Q

what are mild/moderate reactions to injections

A

fever, pain, soreness @ site, hot feeling @ site, site redness

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5
Q

what are types of vaccination injury

A

anaphylaxis, shoulder injury, encephalitis

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6
Q

what is the needle angle for IM

A

90 degrees

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7
Q

what is the needle angle for SubQ injections

A

45 degrees

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8
Q

what is the needle angle for IV

A

25 degrees

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9
Q

what is the needle angle for intradermals

A

10-15 degrees

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10
Q

purpose of intradermals

A

allergy & TB testing

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11
Q

what is the size for intradermals

A

26G or 27G & 3/8-5/8 in

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12
Q

what are the preferred sites for intradermals

A

anterior forearm & mid-back

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13
Q

what is the size for subQ

A

25G to 27G & 1/2-5/8 in

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14
Q

what are the purpose for subQ injections

A

allergy injections, insulin, & immunizations

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15
Q

what are the preferred sites for subQ injections

A

deltoid, abdomen, and upper thigh

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16
Q

what is generally the dosage limit for subQs

A

2 mL

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17
Q

what is the size of needles used for IMs

A

18G-23G & 1-3 in

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18
Q

thicker meds require _____ gauges

A

smaller

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19
Q

when the diameter of the lumen increases, the gauge number _______

A

decreases

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20
Q

what meds are given IM

A
  • large doses
  • oil/non-water based
  • thicker meds
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21
Q

what is the dosage range for IMs

A

0.5-3 mL

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22
Q

what are the preferred sites for IMs

A
  • deltoid
  • ventrogluteal
  • vastus lateralis
  • dorsogluteal
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23
Q

what positions should a pt be in to receive a ventrogluteal IM

A
  • lie on side
  • prone on table w/toes pointed inward/lean over treatment table & stand on non-injection site leg
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24
Q

what positions should a pt be in to receive a vastus lateralis IM

A
  • sit
  • lay in horizontal recumbent position
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25
Q

what are factors for IM injections

A
  • pt size
  • pt age
  • viscosity of meds
  • muscular density
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26
Q

what are preferred injection sites for kids and infants

A

vastus lateralis

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27
Q

what should be done when giving injections to kids/infants

A

gentle aspiration between 5-10 seconds

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28
Q

define the Vaccines for Children Program (VFC)

A

federally funded program for kids unable to pay for vaccines

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29
Q

define NATURAL IMMUNITY

A

inborn or from illness

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30
Q

define ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY

A

from vaccines

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31
Q

what are the 3 types of vaccines

A
  • live attenuated/changed pathogens
  • pathogenic toxin
  • killed pathogen
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32
Q

define a live attenuated/changed pathogens vaccine

A

pathogen altered/weakened then injected to stimulate body to produce antibodies

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33
Q

define a pathogenic toxin vaccine

A

produce toxin to kill antibody production

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34
Q

define a killed pathogen vaccine

A

pathogen inactive and injected stimulating antibodies, sometimes requiring several doses

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35
Q

give examples of live attenuated/changed pathogens vaccine

A

varicella & measles

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36
Q

give examples of pathogenic toxin vaccine

A

diptheria & tetanus

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37
Q

give examples of killed pathogen vaccine

A

pertussis, rabies, poliomyeleitis

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38
Q

what is the incubation for COVID-19

A

2-14 days

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39
Q

s/s: COVID19

A

fever, chills, coughs, SOB/difficulty breathing, fatigue, body/muscle aches, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, new loss of taste/smell, sore throat, congestion/runny nose, headache

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40
Q

tx: COVID19

A
  • antipyretics, antivirals, & steroids
  • hydration
  • rest
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41
Q

how is influenza transmitted

A

direct & indirect contact

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42
Q

what is the incubation period for influenza

A

1-4 days

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43
Q

s/s: influenza

A

chills, fever, headache, sore throat, runny nose, cough, muscle aches & pains, malaise, weakness

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44
Q

tx: influenza

A
  • bed rest
  • fluids
  • antipyretics & mild analgesics
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45
Q

what is the incubation for pneumonia

A

1-3 days

46
Q

s/s: pneumonia

A

severe chills, headache, high fever, chest pain, dyspnea, rapid pulse, cyanosis, cough w/blood-stained sputum

47
Q

tx: pneumonia

A
  • antibiotics
  • bed rest
  • increased fluid
  • analgesics & antipyretics
  • oxygen
48
Q

who should get the PCV13 vaccine

A
  • all kids younger than 2
  • all ages if certain medical conditions
  • some adults at least 65 yrs
49
Q

who should get the PPSV23 vaccine

A
  • all adults at least 65 yrs
  • ppl 2-64 yrs with certain conditions
  • ppl 19-64 yrs who smoke
50
Q

how is haemophilus influenza type B (HiB) transmitted

A

direct/indirect contact

51
Q

what is Hib caused by

A

bacteria

52
Q

s/s: Hib

A

fever, sore throat, cough, muscle aches, weakness, no appetite, irritability, general malaise

53
Q

tx: Hib

A
  • bed rest
  • increased fluids
  • antipyretics, antibodies, & analgesics
54
Q

complications of Hib?

A

meningitis & epiglottis

55
Q

describe the vaccine for Hib (the timing)

A

series of 2 or 3 subQ/IM injections generally at 2, 4, and 6 months

56
Q

how is measles transmitted

A

direct & indirect contact

57
Q

s/s: measles

A

fever, malaise, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, loss of appetite, photosensitivity, sore throat, Koplik’s spots, red blotchy rash

58
Q

complications of measles?

A

deafness, brain damage, & pneumonia

59
Q

tx: measles

A
  • bed rest
  • increased fluids
  • antipyretics
  • cough medicine
  • calamine lotion
60
Q

how is mumps transmitted

A

direct & indirect contact

61
Q

what is the incubation period for mumps

A

12-25 days

62
Q

s/s: mumps

A

chills & fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, swollen & tender salivary glands below & in front of ear, pain between ear & angle of jaw w/drinking or acidic substances

63
Q

tx: mumps

A
  • bed rest
  • soft diet
  • increased fluids
64
Q

how is rubella transmitted

A

direct and indirect contact

65
Q

what is the incubation for rubella

A

12-23 days

66
Q

s/s: rubella

A

slight fever, enlarged lymph nodes @ back & base of neck, arthralgia, diffuse/fine/red rash

67
Q

tx: rubella

A
  • bed rest
  • liquids
  • antipyretics
68
Q

complications of rubella?

A

blindness, deafness, brain damage, heart defects, enlarged liver, bone malformations

69
Q

how is diphtheria transmitted

A

direct and indirect contact

70
Q

what is the incubation period for diphtheria

A

2-5 days

71
Q

s/s: diphtheria

A

headache, malaise, fever, sore throat w/yellowish white/gray membrane

72
Q

tx: diptheria

A
  • adequate liquids
  • soft diet
  • antibiotics
  • bed rest
  • tracheostomy (if necessary)
73
Q

how is pertussis transmitted

A

direct contact

74
Q

in what age group is pertussis common

A

kids less than 4 yrs

75
Q

what is the incubation period of pertussis

A

7-10 days

76
Q

s/s: pertussis

A

increased leukocytes w/lymphocytosis, respiratory drainage, sneezing, slight fever, dry cough, irritability, loss of appetite, violent cough w/whooping inspiration sound, forceful vomiting –> hemorrhaging, decreased coughing, return of appetite, trace cough

77
Q

how is rabies spread

A

saliva & airborne

78
Q

s/s: rabies

A

fever, pain, aggressive behavior, hallucination, extreme weakness, thirst

79
Q

tx: rabies

A

5 injections of vaccine, but fatal when given after symptoms

80
Q

incubation period of tetanus?

A

3-21 days & 4-5 weeks

81
Q

s/s: tetanus

A
  • stiffness of jaw/esophageal muscles/neck muscles
  • fixed jaw
  • altered voice
  • fever
  • painful spasms of all skeletal muscles
  • irritability
  • headache
82
Q

tx: tetanus

A

cleansing & debridement of wound, sedation, pharmacologic control of muscle spasms, maintain fluid balance,, tracheostomy, penicillin G, oxygen, quiet environment

83
Q

how is rotavirus transmitted

A

contact w/infected person

84
Q

s/s: rotavirus

A

gen asymptomatic & diarrhea that starts and stops

85
Q

tx: rotavirus

A

hydration & supportive care

86
Q

describe the timing of the RV1 vaccine

A

2 dose series at 2 & 4 months

87
Q

describe the timing of the RV5 vaccine

A

3 dose series at 2, 4, 6 months

88
Q

how is varicella transmitted

A

direct contact & droplets from respiratory

89
Q

aka: varicella

A

chicken pox

90
Q

incubation of varicella?

A

2-3 weeks

91
Q

s/s: varicella

A

highly pruritic rash, fever, headache, loss of appetite, and general malaise

92
Q

tx: varicella

A

bed rest, liquids, antipyretics, oral/topical antihistamines, antipruritics/paste of baking soda

93
Q

how is hepatitis A transmitted?

A
  • ingesting food/water contaminated w/feces
  • direct contact
  • raw shellfish/polluted water/sex with someone who has virus
94
Q

s/s: hepatitis A

A

fatigue, nausea & vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain/discomfort especially in area of liver, low grade fever, dark urine, muscle & joint pain, clay-colored stools, jaundice, asymptomatic

95
Q

describe the vaccine for hepatitis A

A

2 doses with the 2nd dose given 6 months after 1st dose

96
Q

how is hepatitis B transmitted

A

bodily fluid, needles/syringes/drugs, mother to baby

97
Q

incubation period for hepatitis B?

A

60-150 days

98
Q

s/s: hepatitis B

A

fever, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, weakness, dark urine, light-colored stool

99
Q

tx: hepatitis B

A

eliminate alcohol & fats, same as hep A

100
Q

describe the hepatitis B vaccine

A

1st dose given to neonates whose mothers have not had hep B, 2nd dose at 1-2 months, 3rd dose at 6-18 months, booster at 11-12 yrs

101
Q

describe HPV

A

over 100 types, gives warts/cancers on mouth/throat/genitals

102
Q

what are the 2 HPV vaccines

A

cervarix & gardasil

103
Q

who is recommended for HPV vaccine

A
  • all kids 11-12 yrs w/2 shots 6-12 months apart
  • kids who get vaccinated at 15-26 yrs will need 3 doses over 6 months
104
Q

who should not get bacterial meningitis vaccine

A

ppl w/altered immune system, serious condition, or pregnant

105
Q

incubation period for polo?

A

4-35 days

106
Q

how is polio transmitted

A

feces of infected person

107
Q

what are the 3 s/s groups of polio

A

minor/abortive, aseptic meningitis, paralytic poliomyelitis

108
Q

minor/abortive s/s: polio

A

fever, sore throat, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, flu like symptoms

109
Q

aseptic meningitis s/s: polio

A

high fever, stiff neck, headache, muscle aches, loss of reflexes, minor illness symptoms

110
Q

paralytic poliomyelitis s/s: polio

A

paralysis of limbs/urinary control

111
Q

describe the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)

A

IM/SubQ injection, receive at 2-4 months w/additional doses between 6 & 18 months

MA: Chp 51 & 52: Injections (3 decks)

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