Groundwater

Question 1

How many rounds of groundwater sampling is needed to demonstrate applicability of MNA?

Answer 1

Minimum of 8 rounds, four must be consecutive quarterly ground water monitoring events

Question 2

Well types needed in an MNA network

Answer 2

Upgradient, Source, Plume Fringe, Sentinel well, likely need additional performance monitoring wells also (in the plume footprint)

Question 3

When should your groundwater sample rounds for MNA start?

Answer 3

Can be historic from SI/RI when data reflects historic remediation or general attenuation. If there’s an active remedy, it must be AFTER the active remedy has ended and aquifer has had time to equillibrate.

Question 4

What is Darcy’s Law?

Answer 4

GW Seepage velocity

Seepage Velocity = (hydraulic conductivity * hydraulic gradient)/effective porosity

Question 5

What is this:

Vs=(Ki)/ne

Answer 5

Darcy’s Law
Seepage Velocity = (hydraulic conductivity * hydraulic gradient)/effective porosity

Question 6

What’s the fall line?

Answer 6

Line from Trenton to Carteret (due to presence of waterfalls/rapids) that is the end of the Coastal Plain

Question 7

Describe Coastal Plain Deposits

Answer 7

Early Cretaceous into Miocene, sand/silt/clay dipping towards the coast

Question 8

Describe Glacial Sediment Deposits

Answer 8

Overly about 30% of state, lie between Phillipsburg to Perth Amboy, southern boundary is Plainfield
Varies from clay to boulder

Question 9

Describe the Newark Basin

Answer 9

Largest physiographic province -(Piedmont) in the northern half of NJ. Non-marine sedimentary and igneous rocks of Triassic and early Jurassic.

Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone. Leaky multi-unit aquifer
Igneous rocks are basalt flows and diabase intrusion

Question 10

Describe Ridge and Valley province

Answer 10

Paleozoic sedimentary bedrock including sandstone, shales, conglomerates, limestone and dolomite

Question 11

Describe Crystalline Bedrock in NJ

Answer 11

Cambrian and Precambrian metamorphic and igneous of New England province.

Question 12

Soil field screening techniques

Answer 12

Visual
Organic vapor monitors (PID, FID)
Soil Agitation Tests
UV Fluorescence (good for clear, colorless NAPL)
Hydrophobic Indicator Dyes (good for clear, colorless NAPL)

Question 13

What does Caliper log (geophysical) teach us?

Answer 13

Bedrock investigation - tells casing depth/diameter, borehole diameter, and fracture zones

Question 14

What does BIPS and AT (geophysical) tell us?

Answer 14

Fracture orientation, lithology, structural features and solution opening, casing depth, borehole orientation/deviation

Question 15

What does Gamma (geophysical) tell us?

Answer 15

Lithology changes (eg. sandstone v shale), gamma marker beds for stratigraphic correlation to determine dip/strike of bedding

Question 16

What does Fluid Temperature and Electrical Conductivity (EC) or Resistivity tell us?

Answer 16

Deflections in temp and EC logs can indicate potential inflow fractures/zones

Question 17

What does a Heat Pulse Flow Meter tell us?

Answer 17

Rate and direction of vertical flow. location of inflow and outflow zones may be inferred

Question 18

What does Resistivity geophysical tell us?

Answer 18

Bedrock investigation, identifies lithologic changes