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block 2 exam 2 > Diagnostics > Flashcards

Diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

Tests for kidney disorders

A

Culture and urinalysis
Renal function tests
Ultrasonography
CT and MRI
Endoscopy
Biopsies
IV urography
Retrograde pyelography
Cystography
Renal angiography

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2
Q

Normal urine specific gravity

A

1.005 - 1.025

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3
Q

Normal urine osmolality

A

200 - 800

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4
Q

Normal 24 hour urine

A

300 - 900

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5
Q

GFR CKD

A

< 90

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6
Q

GFR irreversible kidney damage

A

< 60

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7
Q

AKI tests

A

Ultrasound
CBC for Hgb
CMP for BUN/creatinine, phosphate/Ca, potassium
VBG for decreased CO2 and pH levels
UOP

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8
Q

Normal GFR

A

125

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9
Q

ESRD test results

A

Low GFR, high Cr and BUN, potassium imbalance, sodium and water imbalance
Metabolic acidosis, low calcium, high phosphorus
Anemia

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10
Q

MI

A

Health hx, 12 lead, echo
Cardiac biomarkers: creatine kinase (CK-MB), troponin, and myoglobin

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11
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

ECG, TEE (echo), CT, MRI

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12
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Echoes

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13
Q

Infection of heart (Peri/myo/endo carditis)

A

Echoes, ECG, cardiac catheterization, CT
Cultures, CBC, rheumatoid factor, ESR, C reactive protein

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14
Q

Cardiac biomarkers for MI

A

Troponin (T <0.1, I <0.35)
Creatine kinase (CK-MB positive)
Myoglobin (negative can rule out MI)

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15
Q

Normal hba1c

A

2.5-6%

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16
Q

Lower UTI

A

Urinalysis and cultures

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17
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A

Urinalysis, cultures, US to show enlargement of kidney, CT

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18
Q

Urolithiasis

A

CT or CTA, BMP, 24 h urine, strain urine to look at stone

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19
Q

Bladder cancer

A

Cytologic urinalysis
Ureteroscopy
IV pyelogram (with contrast)
CT with contrast, MRI, US for size and location
Cystoscopy and biopsy

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20
Q

BPH

A

DRE, prostate specific antigen (PSA), cystoscopy (endoscopy for urethra), US, MRI

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21
Q

Prostate cancer

A

DRE, PSA prostate specific antigen
US biopsy with histologic exam
Gleason and staging with bone scan and biopsy to see how it has progressed

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22
Q

HF

A

Labs BNP, CMP, urinalysis
CXR
ECHO, ECG?

(Assessment will show ss L or R side etc before doing imaging)

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23
Q

PAD

A

US and doppler
Treadmill

(Assessment includes ankle brachial index ABI)

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24
Q

Aneurism

A

CXR
CTA
TEE

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25
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

US and CTA

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26
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

CXR
MDCTA
D dimer
ABG SpO2
VQ scan

27
Q

Leg ulcer

A

Assessment will include looking for infection and asking about nutrition

28
Q

Lower extremity venous thrombosis

A

Duplex ultrasound

29
Q

Normal cholesterol

A

<200 total
<150 tri
<100 ldl
>40 hdl

30
Q

DVT

A

US
D dimer
aPTT

31
Q

Heparin therapeutic range

A

aPTT 30-100 seconds

32
Q

Warfarin therapeutic range

A

INR 2.0 - 3.5

33
Q

Normal BNP

A

<100

34
Q

CM assessment

A

Pulse pressure, pulsus paradoxus, s3 and s4, crackles, JVD, edema
(Along with typical assessment stuff)

35
Q

Normal TSH

A

< 4

36
Q

DM dx findings

A

Casual glucose 200
Fasting 126
Glucose tolerance test 200
HbA1C 6.5% (5.7 - 6.4 preDM)

37
Q

HHS

A

BG over 600
Osm over 320
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Low ketones
(pH over 7.3 and bicarbonate over 18)

38
Q

Pituitary tumors

A

Visual acuity
CT
MRI
Serum levels of pituitary hormones

39
Q

DI

A

Specific gravity, urine osmolality
Increased serum osmolality
Elevated serum sodium
Low plasma ADH levels

40
Q

Thyroid

A

TSH in labs
Serum free T4
T3 and 4
T3 resin uptake
Thyroid antibodies
Radioactive iodine uptake
Fine needle biopsy
Scan
Serum thyroglobulin
Biopsy, US, CT, MRI for cancer

41
Q

Meds that can alter thyroid test results

A

Amiodarone
Aspirin
Cimetidine
Diazepam
Estrogens
Furosemide
Glucocorticoids
Heparin
Lithium
Phenytoin and other anticonvulsants
Propranolol
Methimazole

42
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Calcium under 8
High phosphorus (over 4.5)

43
Q

Addison

A

Low ACTH levels
Low glucose
Low sodium
High potassium

44
Q

Cushing

A

Dexamethasone suppression test
High sugar
High sodium
Low potassium

45
Q

Casual non fasting glucose for DM

A

Over 200

46
Q

Fasting glucose for DM

A

Over 126

47
Q

Hba1c for DM

A

Over 6.5

48
Q

Pre DM hba1c

A

5.7 - 6.4%

49
Q

Normal FT4

A

0.7 - 2.0

50
Q

Normal T4

A

5.4 - 11.5

51
Q

Normal T3

A

260 - 480

52
Q

Normal T3 uptake %

A

25 - 35%

53
Q

PTT normal range

A

PTT 20-39 seconds

54
Q

INR normal range

A

INR < 1

55
Q

PR interval for normal sinus rhythm

A

0.12 to 0.20

56
Q

QRS for normal sinus rhythm

A

0.06 to 0.10

57
Q

QT for normal sinus rhythm

A

0.36 to 0.44

58
Q

Normal PSA

A

0 to 4

59
Q

Gleason

A

0 to 10
Higher means more aggressive cancer

60
Q

Troponin T MI

A

> 2.3 cardiac injury
Normal <0.1

61
Q

Troponin I normal

A

<0.5

62
Q

Normal CK-MB

A

4-6% total CK

63
Q

Normal myoglobin

A

11.1 to 91.2

block 2 exam 2 (6 decks)

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