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Evaluative Exam > AUBF > Flashcards

AUBF Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by ultrafiltration of plasma through the:

A

Choroid plexus

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2
Q

Which statement regarding CSF is true?

A

Normal values for mononuclear cells are higher for infants than for adults

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3
Q

When collecting CSF, a difference between opening and closing fluid pressure greater than 100 mm H2O indicates:

A

Low CSF volume

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4
Q

Which of the following findings is consistent with a subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than a traumatic tap?

A

Xanthochromia

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5
Q

The term used to denote a high WBC count in the CSF is:

A

Pleocytosis

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6
Q

Which of the adult CSF values in the table below are consistent with bacterial meningitis?

A

WBCs: 2000/ul
Lymphocytes: 5%
Monocytes: 15%
Eosinophils: 0%
Neutrophils: 80%
Neuroectodermal cells: 0%

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7
Q

Given the following data, determine the corrected CSF WBC count.

A

142/μL

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8
Q

SITUATION: What is the most likely cause of the following CSF results?
CSF glucose 20 mg/dL; CSF protein 200 mg/dL;
CSF lactate 50 mg/dL (reference range 5–25 mg/dL)

A

Acute bacterial meningitis

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9
Q

Which of the following conditions is most often associated with normal CSF glucose and protein?

A

Viral meningitis

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10
Q

The diagnosis of MS is suggested by which finding?

A

The presence of oligoclonal bands by electrophoresis

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11
Q

Which of the following results is consistent with fungal meningitis?

A

Pleocytosis of mixed cellularity

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12
Q

In what suspected condition should a wet prep using a warm slide be examined?

A

Amoebic meningoencephalitis

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13
Q

Which of the following CSF test results is most commonly increased in patients with MS?

A

IgG index

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14
Q

Which of the following is an inappropriate procedure for performing routine CSF analysis?

A

A differential is done only if the total WBC count is greater than 10/μL

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15
Q

Which cell is present in CSF in greater numbers in newborns than in older children or adults?

A

Monocytes

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16
Q

Neutrophilic pleocytosis is usually associated with all of the following except:

A

Neurosyphilis

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17
Q

Which statement about CSF protein is true?

A

CSF IgG is increased in panencephalitis, malignancy, and neurosyphilis

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18
Q

Which of the following statements regarding routine microbiological examination of CSF is true?

A

All CSF specimens should be cultured using sheep blood agar, chocolate agar, and
supplemented broth

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19
Q

Which organism is the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B Streptococcus

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20
Q

Following a head injury, which protein will identify the presence of CSF leakage through the nose?

A

Tau protein

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21
Q

Which of the following statements regarding serous fluids is true?

A

Mesothelial cells, PMNs, lymphocytes, and macrophages may be present in normal fluids

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22
Q

The term effusion refers to:

A

An increased volume of serous fluid

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23
Q

Which of the following laboratory results is characteristic of a transudative fluid?

A

LD fluid/serum ratio = 0.25

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24
Q

Which observation is least useful in distinguishing a hemorrhagic serous fluid from a traumatic tap?

A

The formation of a clot

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25
Q

Which of the following laboratory results on a serous fluid is most likely to be caused by a traumatic tap?

A

An RBC count of 8,000/μL

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26
Q

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with an exudative effusion?

A

Malignancy

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27
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with a chylous effusion?

A

Lymphatic obstruction

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28
Q

Which of the following conditions is most often associated with a pleural fluid glucose below 30 mg/dL?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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29
Q

In which condition is the pleural fluid pH likely to be above 7.3?

A

Pneumothorax

30
Q

Which of the following hematology values best frames the URLs for peritoneal fluid?

A

WBC Count: 300/μL
Percentage of PMNs: 25%
RBC Count: 100,000/μL

31
Q

Which of the following characteristics is higher for synovial fluid than for the serous fluids?

A

Viscosity

32
Q

In which type of arthritis is the synovial WBC count likely to be greater than 50,000/ μL?

A

Septic arthritis

33
Q

What type of cell is a “ragocyte”?

A

A PMN with inclusions formed by immune complexes

34
Q

Which of the following crystals is the cause of gout?

A

Uric acid or monosodium urate

35
Q

Which crystal causes “pseudogout”?

A

Calcium pyrophosphate

36
Q

A synovial fluid sample is examined by using a polarizing microscope with a red compensating filter. Crystals are seen that are yellow when the long axis of the crystal is parallel to the slow vibrating light. When the long axis of the crystal is perpendicular to the slow vibrating light, the crystals appear blue. What type of crystal is present?

A

Uric acid

37
Q

In which condition is the synovial fluid glucose most likely to be within normal limits?

A

Hemorrhagic arthritis

38
Q

Which statement about synovial fluid in RA is true?

A

Synovial:serum IgG is usually 1:2 or higher

39
Q

Which of the following organisms accounts for the majority of septic arthritis cases in young and middle-age adults?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

40
Q

Which of the following hematology values best frames the URLs for synovial fluid?

A

WBC Count: 200/μL
Percentage of PMNs: 25%
RBC Count: 2,000/μL

41
Q

Which of the following statements about amniotic fluid bilirubin measured by scanning spectrophotometry is true?

A

The 410-nm peak is caused by hemoglobin and the 450-nm peak is caused by bilirubin

42
Q

Which test best correlates with the severity of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)?

A

Amniotic fluid bilirubin

43
Q

Which is the reference method for determining fetal lung maturity (FLM)?

A

L/S ratio

44
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the L/S ratio is true?

A

A ratio of 2:1 or greater usually indicates adequate pulmonary surfactant to prevent RDS

45
Q

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a falsely low L/S ratio?

A

Centrifugation at 1,000 × g for 10 minutes

46
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels in pregnancy?

A

In ectopic pregnancy, serum hCG doubling time is below expected levels

47
Q

Which of the following statements regarding pregnancy testing is true?

A

A false-positive result may occur in patients with heterophile antibodies

48
Q

SITUATION: A pregnant woman was seen by her physician, who suspected a molar pregnancy. An hCG test was ordered, and hCG levels were found to be low. The sample was diluted 10-fold and the assay was repeated. The level was found to be grossly elevated. What best explains this situation?

A

Antigen excess caused a falsely low result in the undiluted sample

49
Q

Which assay result is often approximately 25% below the expected level in pregnancies associated with Down syndrome?

A

Serum unconjugated estriol

50
Q

Which of the following statements about alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is correct?

A

Maternal serum may be used to screen for open neural tube defects

51
Q

First-trimester screening for Down syndrome can be performed using which markers?

A

Free β hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

52
Q

When performing marker screening tests for Down syndrome, why are results expressed in multiples of the median (MoM), rather than in concentration?

A

MoM normalizes for gestational age

53
Q

Which test for 21 trisomy is not recommended for women who are carrying twins?

A

Maternal plasma cell free fetal DNA

54
Q

Which statement regarding the fetal fibronectin test is true?

A

The test should not be performed before week 24 or after the end of week 34

55
Q

What is the term for spermatozoa in which the anterior portion of the headpiece is smaller than normal?

A

Acrosomal deficiency

56
Q

What is the most common cause of male infertility?

A

Varicocele

57
Q

Which of the following values is the lower limit of normal for sperm concentration?

A

15 million per milliliter

58
Q

Which morphological abnormality of sperm is most often associated with varicocele?

A

Tapering of the head

59
Q

Which of the following stains is used to determine sperm viability?

A

Eosin Y

60
Q

Which of the following semen analysis results is abnormal?

A

Volume 1.0 mL

61
Q

Which of the following sample collection and processing conditions will lead to inaccurate seminal fluid analysis results?

A

Sample collected following coitus

62
Q

When performing a seminal fluid analysis, what is the upper limit of normal for WBCs?

A

1 × 106/mL

63
Q

Which carbohydrate measurement is clinically useful when performing a seminal fluid analysis?

A

Fructose

64
Q

Which condition is most often associated with gastric ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori infection

65
Q

In which condition is the highest level of serum gastrin usually seen?

A

Z-E syndrome

66
Q

In determining free HCl, the gastric fluid is titrated to pH ______.

A

3.5

67
Q

Which test can identify persons with gastrin-secreting tumors that do not demonstrate a definitively increased plasma gastrin concentration?

A

Secretin stimulation

68
Q

Which of the following tests would be normal in pancreatic insufficiency?

A

D-Xylose absorption

69
Q

Which of the following is commonly associated with occult blood?

A

Colon cancer

70
Q

Which test is most sensitive in detecting persons with chronic pancreatitis?

A

Fecal elastin-1

Evaluative Exam (5 decks)

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