Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System > Anatomy Of The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Walls of the thoracic cavity

A
  • anterior: sternum + costal cartilages
  • lateral: ribs
  • posterior: vertebral bodies
  • inferior diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two analogies of the movement of the chest wall during breathing?

A
  • bucket handle movement
  • pump handle movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the bucket handle movement of the chest wall

A

Ribs move out laterally to increase lung volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the pump handle movement

A

Sternum moves anteriorly + ribs swing up like pump handle to increase lung volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 types of intercostal muscles?

A

External
Internal
Innermost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What intercostal muscles are used in inspiration?

A

External intercostal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What intercostal muscles are used in expiration (forced)?

A

Internal + innermost intercostal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What levels do these structure pass through the diaphragm?
- vena cava
- oesophagus
- aortic hiatus

How can you remember this?

A
  • vena cava: T8
  • oesophagus: T10
  • aortic hiatus: T12

Number of letters in each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where should you insert a chest strain?
Why?

A
  • Above the rib
  • To avoid hitting the intercostal neurovascular bundles which lie beneath the ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outline venous drainage of the intercostal muscles

A

Intercostal vein > azygous vein > superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm ?

A

Phrenic nerve C3-5

‘C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline the lobes of the lungs

A

3 right
2 left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the oblique and horizontal fissure do?

A

Separate the lobes of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the area in between the lungs called?

A

Mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What spinal level splits the superior + inferior mediastinum?

A

C4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the layout of the hilum of the lungs

A
  • airways: posterior
  • branches of pulmonary arteries: superior
  • tributaries of pulmonary veins: inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

The space where the lungs will expand in inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Outline the blood supply to the lungs

A
  • pulmonary arteries directly from the heart
  • bronchial artery directly from the aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What blood supply helps the lungs during a pulmonary embolism when the pulmonary arteries are blocked?

A

Bronchial arteries

20
Q

Development of the respiratory tract

A

Develops as a diverticulum from the pharynx

21
Q

Role of the epiglottis

A

To ensure food and air enter oesophagus + trachea respectively

22
Q

What epithelial cells line the airways?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

23
Q

What makes up the lamina propria?

A

Basement membrane
Loose connective tissue

24
Q

Describe the layers of the airway walls

A

Mucosa
- epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified columnar + goblet cells
- lamina propria: basement membrane + loose connective tissue

Submucosa
- smooth muscle
- connective tissue: contain the bronchial mutinous glands

Cartilage in bronchi

25
Q

Layers of the mucosa in the airways

A
  • epithelium: ciliated pseudostratified columnar + goblet cells
  • lamina propria: basement membrane + loose connective tissue
26
Q

Layers of the submucosa in the airways

A

Smooth muscle
Connective tissue (contains the bronchial mucinous glands)

27
Q

What is also found in the walls of the bronchi but not the other airways?

A

Cartilage

28
Q

What is the carina?

A

The cartilage situated at the point where the trachea divides into the left and right main bronchus

29
Q

Function of type I pneumocytes

A

Squamous epithelial cells
Responsible for gas exchange in alveoli

30
Q

Function of type II pneumocytes

A

Produce surfactant

31
Q

Nerve root of the phrenic nerve

A

C3-5
‘C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive

32
Q

What makes up the neurovascular bundles below the ribs?

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve

33
Q

Where does the trachea start and end?

A
  • starts: lower border of the cricoid cartilage C6
  • ends: at T6 as it divides into the main bronchi
34
Q

Outline the attachment of the ribs

A
  • 1-7 attach to sternum via costal cartilages
  • 8-10 attach to costal cartilage of 7th rib
  • 11-12 are floating ribs

TRUE RIB: 7 letters > 1-7 true ribs
FLASE RIB: 8 letters > 8-10 false ribs
FLOATING RIB: 11 letters > 11-12 floating ribs

35
Q

Location of Clara cells

A

Terminal bronchioles

36
Q

Function of Clara cells

A

Produce surfactant + mucous

37
Q

Is air resistance in the bronchioles greater in expiration or inspiration?

A

expiration
.
- during inspiration the alveolar expand
- this increases radial traction on the bronchioles
- bronchiole diameter is bigger
.
- during expiration, radial traction is lower
- so bronchioles have a smaller diameter
- increases air resistance

38
Q

What effect does an absence of surfactant have?

A
  • higher surface tension of alevoli
  • the pressure within the small alevoli is higher than large alevoli
  • small alveoli collapse in large alevoli
  • making fewer but larger air spaces
39
Q

How does surfactant reduce surface tension?

A
  • surfactant is amphipathic
  • hydrophilic lie in the alveolar fluid
  • hydrophobic ends project into the alveolar gas
  • surfactant molecles are interspersed between water molecules
  • bonds disrupted between molecules
  • surface tension reduces
40
Q

How much of the tidal volume reaches the alevoli?

A

2/3rds

41
Q

Blood supply to the visceral pleura

A

Bronchial arteries

42
Q

Blood supply to the parietal pleura

A

Intercostal arteries

43
Q

What do the intercostal nerves innervate?

A
  • Sensory: parietal pleura + kin overlying each intercostal space
  • Motor: intercostal muscles
44
Q

What does the oblique fissure separate?

A
  • Right: middle and inferior lobes
  • Left: upper and lower lobes
45
Q

What does the horizontal fissure separate?

A

Right superior and middle lobes

Respiratory System (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions