Biology Chapter 2- Atoms, Molecules, Properties of Water (2.1-2.2) Flashcards

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1
Q

truth

A

The way things really are; the whole of reality.

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2
Q

acid

A

Any substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

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3
Q

adhesion

A

The tendency of one kind of substance to stick to another kind of substance due to intermolecular interactions.

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4
Q

base

A

Chemistry: a substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution. - Biology: one of The four monomers that comprise DNA, giving rise to its genetic code. These bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

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5
Q

beta decay

A

A type of nuclear decay in which a neutron changes to a proton, changing the identity of the element.

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6
Q

bonds

A

The connection between two atoms as they combine, forming a compound. Consists of shared electrons of an electrostatic attraction due to transferred electrons.

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7
Q

cohesion

A

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together due to intermolecular interactions.

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8
Q

covelant bonds

A

A type of chemical bond in which an electron pair is shared between two atoms.

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9
Q

denature

A

To lose 3-D structure and function of a protein, returning to its non-specific primary structure. (in the case of DNA: to break apart the hydrogen bonds becoming single stranded.) electronegativity

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10
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

A type of intermolecular interaction resulting from the extremely polar bonds that can form between hydrogen and highly electronegative elements (such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine).

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11
Q

intermolecular force

A

Are weaker electrostatic interactions that account for the physical properties of a substance, including hydrogen bonds and Van der Waal interactions

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12
Q

ionic bonds

A

A type of chemical bond wherein one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. The resulting positive and negative charges cause these atoms to be attracted to one another, often forming a crystal lattice structure.

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13
Q

polar covelant bonds

A

A type of covelant bond in which an electron pair is shared unequally between two atoms of differing electronegativity.

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14
Q

radioactive isotope

A

An element that naturally decays into another element, releasing high energy electromagnetic radiation in the process.

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15
Q

radiocarbon dating

A

A method for measuring the amount of time since an organism died that uses the decay radioactive carbon-14 isotope.

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16
Q

solubility

A

A property that describes how readily one substance dissolves another.

17
Q

solute

A

A solid, liquid, or gas that is to be dissolved into a fluid.

18
Q

solution

A

A homogeneous mixture that is formed when one substance (the solvent) dissolves another substance (the solute).

19
Q

solvent

A

A fluid into which a solute is dissolved.

20
Q

specific heat capacity

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius.

21
Q

surface tension

A

The tendancy of molecules at the surface of a sample liquid to stick together (due to intermolecular interactions).

22
Q

Van der Waals interactions

A

A weaker type of intermolecular interaction, stemming from a momentary polarized charge distribution on a normally non-polar or slightly polar molecule. This momentary partial charge can induce a partial charge in its neighbor, resulting in an electrostatic attraction.