Biology Chapter 2- Atoms, Molecules, Properties of Water (2.1-2.2)

Question 1

truth

Answer 1

The way things really are; the whole of reality.

Question 2

acid

Answer 2

Any substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

Question 3

adhesion

Answer 3

The tendency of one kind of substance to stick to another kind of substance due to intermolecular interactions.

Question 4

base

Answer 4

Chemistry: a substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution. - Biology: one of The four monomers that comprise DNA, giving rise to its genetic code. These bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Question 5

beta decay

Answer 5

A type of nuclear decay in which a neutron changes to a proton, changing the identity of the element.

Question 6

bonds

Answer 6

The connection between two atoms as they combine, forming a compound. Consists of shared electrons of an electrostatic attraction due to transferred electrons.

Question 7

cohesion

Answer 7

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together due to intermolecular interactions.

Question 8

covelant bonds

Answer 8

A type of chemical bond in which an electron pair is shared between two atoms.

Question 9

denature

Answer 9

To lose 3-D structure and function of a protein, returning to its non-specific primary structure. (in the case of DNA: to break apart the hydrogen bonds becoming single stranded.) electronegativity

Question 10

hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

A type of intermolecular interaction resulting from the extremely polar bonds that can form between hydrogen and highly electronegative elements (such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine).

Question 11

intermolecular force

Answer 11

Are weaker electrostatic interactions that account for the physical properties of a substance, including hydrogen bonds and Van der Waal interactions

Question 12

ionic bonds

Answer 12

A type of chemical bond wherein one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. The resulting positive and negative charges cause these atoms to be attracted to one another, often forming a crystal lattice structure.

Question 13

polar covelant bonds

Answer 13

A type of covelant bond in which an electron pair is shared unequally between two atoms of differing electronegativity.

Question 14

radioactive isotope

Answer 14

An element that naturally decays into another element, releasing high energy electromagnetic radiation in the process.

Question 15

radiocarbon dating

Answer 15

A method for measuring the amount of time since an organism died that uses the decay radioactive carbon-14 isotope.

Question 16

solubility

Answer 16

A property that describes how readily one substance dissolves another.

Question 17

solute

Answer 17

A solid, liquid, or gas that is to be dissolved into a fluid.

Question 18

solution

Answer 18

A homogeneous mixture that is formed when one substance (the solvent) dissolves another substance (the solute).

Question 19

solvent

Answer 19

A fluid into which a solute is dissolved.

Question 20

specific heat capacity

Answer 20

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius.

Question 21

surface tension

Answer 21

The tendancy of molecules at the surface of a sample liquid to stick together (due to intermolecular interactions).

Question 22

Van der Waals interactions

Answer 22

A weaker type of intermolecular interaction, stemming from a momentary polarized charge distribution on a normally non-polar or slightly polar molecule. This momentary partial charge can induce a partial charge in its neighbor, resulting in an electrostatic attraction.