14.1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
sensitivity
the ability to detect a stimulus and to make appropriate responses to internal and external environment.
what does the nervous system do
it coordinates and regulates body functions
characteristics of the nervous system
electrical impulses transported by nerves
fast
short term
characteristics of the endocrine system
hormones transported in blood stream
slow
long term
types of the nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
organs related to the central nervous system
brain
spinal cord
organs related to the peripheral nervous system
nerves-neurons
spinal cord
types of neurons
sensory neuron
relay neuron
motor neuron
sensory neuron
carry electrical impulses from receptor cells to relay in the CNS
relay neuron
in CNS
connects sensory neuron with motor neuron
motor neuron
carry electrical impulses from relay
neuron (CNS) to the effector
muscle- contracts
glands-secrete hormones
reflex action
as means of automatically and rapidly integrating and coordinating stimuli with the response of the effector.
muscle contracts
glands secrete hormones
properties of a reflex action
the brain is not involved
involuntary
fast
automatic
importance of the reflex action
protective response
examples of a reflex action
reflex action of pupil against light
removal of your hand from hot or pointed objects
knee jerks
reflex arc
is the pathway that an electrical impulse moves through, during a reflex action, starting from the receptor cells to sensory neurons, to CNS, relay neuron, to motor neuron to effector which will do the appropriate response.
what is a synapse
junction (space) between 2 neurons
function of synapse
to ensure that electrical impulses travel in one direction
who provides the energy for electrical impulses to travel between neurons
many mitochondria
describe how electrical impulses are transmitted through a synapse
an electrical impulse stimulates the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the vesicle in the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, neurotransmitter molecules are released from the vesicle into the synapse by diffusion, neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap down the concentration gradient, neurotransmitter molecules bind with specific protein receptor cells on the post synaptic neuron, an electrical impulse is stimulated in the post synaptic neuron.
describe and explain how a neuron is adapted to do its function
1- neuron is long, to transmit electrical impulses as fast as possible.
2- neurons have a large number of mitochondria, to release energy for fast transition of electrical impulses.
3- neurons have vesicles, which carry and hold neurotransmitters to release them in the synapse.
4- neurons have synapses, which allow unidirectional transition of electrical impulses.
5-nurons have protein receptors, which bind with specific neurotransmitters.
