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anatomy > Vertebral Column - General > Flashcards

Vertebral Column - General Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebra

A

singular

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2
Q

vertebrae

A

multiple

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3
Q

axial skeleton

A

vertebral column and rib cage

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4
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

girdle and limbs

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5
Q

the skull meets the spine where?

A

occipital bone via the occipital condyle

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6
Q

The vertebral column is composed of a series of _________ bones

A

unpaired bones

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7
Q

Cervical vertebrae # (all species)

A

7

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8
Q

Thoracic vertebrae carnivores

A

12-14

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9
Q

lumbar vertebrae carnivores

A

6-7

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10
Q

sacral vertebrae carnivores

A

3

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11
Q

caudal vertebrae carnivores

A

20-23

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12
Q

Which section of vertabrae shows a large variation among species?

A

caudal vertebrae

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13
Q

functions of vertebral column

A

provides attachment for ribs and back muscle, supports trunk, carries skull, protects spinal cord

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14
Q

flexion is the contraction of what muscle

A

hypaxial

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15
Q

extension is the contraction of what muscle

A

epaxial

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16
Q

What are the different regions of the vertebrae?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

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17
Q

What kind of bone is the vertabrae?

A

irregular

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18
Q

each vertebral body has what?

A

convex cranial and concave caudal extremity

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19
Q

the vertebral body is covered by what?

A

hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

what is in between adjacent vertebra?

A

intervertebral fibrocartilaginous discs

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21
Q

the ventral surface carries the ______. And _____ in size in different regions.

A

ventral crest, varies

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22
Q

Where does the spinal cord pass through?

A

vertebral foramen

23
Q

vertebral arch over the dorsal surface of the vertebral body

A

vertebral foramen

24
Q

Each vertebral arch is made up of two ______ and a _______.

A

two lateral pedicles, a dorsal plate

25
Q

What forms the vertebral canal?

A

vertebral foramina

26
Q

two or more vertebral foramen

A

vertebral canal

27
Q

the diameter of there vertebral column is the greatest where?

A

C1 and C2

28
Q

What is the diameter trend in the vertebral column?

A

largest at C1/C2, decreases, increases at T1, decreases, increases at L1, gradually decreases at CY1

29
Q

what process is found at the mid dorsal line of the vertebral arch?

A

spinous process

30
Q

what processes is found cranial and caudal to the root of the spinous process?

A

4 articular processes

31
Q

what processes project laterally from the base of the vertebral arch?

A

2 transverse processes

32
Q

what processes are found between the transverse and cranial articular processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra?

A

2 mammilary processes

33
Q

1

A

cranial articular process

34
Q

2

A

mammilary process

35
Q

3

A

vertebral arch

36
Q

4

A

cranial vertebral notch

37
Q

5

A

vertebral foramen

38
Q

6

A

cranial extremity

39
Q

7

A

hemal arch

40
Q

8

A

ventral crest

41
Q

9

A

vertebral body

42
Q

10

A

caudal extremity

43
Q

11

A

transverse process

44
Q

12

A

caudal vertebral notch

45
Q

13

A

accessory process

46
Q

14

A

caudal articular process

47
Q

15

A

spinous process

48
Q

What surface is on the cranial/caudal articular process?

A

articular surface (articular foveae)

49
Q

Dog Vertebral Formula

A

C7, T13, L7, S3, Cy20-24

50
Q

toughest joint of vertebrae

A

fibrocartilaginous

51
Q

most abundant cartilage type

A

hyaline

52
Q

what is found between each vertebra

A

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

53
Q

consistency of nucleus pulposus

A

jelly like

54
Q

Why are cats more flexible?

A

intervertebral discs made of elastic cartilage, no supraspinous ligament, no supra tuberous ligament, extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

anatomy (29 decks)

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