Cell Biology Flashcards
Parts of an animal cell (general)
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
Parts of a plant cell (general)
- Cell wall
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Chloroplast
- Ribosome (IGNORE)
- Vacuole
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
Function of a cell membrane
- Purpose: Regulates the movements of molecules in and out of the cell
- Is partially permeable (only allows some substances to pass through it)
- Protects the cell from the environment
Function of a mitochondria
- Small oval shaped organelles
- Purpose: Breaks down food substances to release energy needed for cell reproduction and growth
- aerobic respiration takes place here
Function of a cytoplasm
- A jelly like substance that fills the inside of cells
- Purpose: It is where most cell activities occur
- Contains organelle and dissolved substances
Function of the nucleus
- Where genetic info/ DNA is toured
- purpose: controls cell activity such as cell growth and repair
- Essential for cell division
- It is surrounded by a membrane called nucleur membrane
function of a cell wall
- Made of cellulose
- Purpose: Provides additional protection and support the cell, giving a fixed and rigid shape to the plant cell
- Is fully permeable (allows all substances to pass through it)
- the cell wall is stiff and rigid
Function of chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll that can trap sunlight in the process of photosynthesis to make food for the plant.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, till it reaches an equilibrium
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential
Turgid cell (plant cell)
water potential outside the cell is higher than inside the cell (Water molecules from the solution enter the cell)
Flaccid cell (plant cell)
Water potential outside the cell is lower than inside the cell (Water molecules exit from the ell into the solution)
Plasmolyzed cell (Plant cell)
Water potential outside the cell is very much lower than inside the cell (Water molecules exit the cell. Cytoplasm and cell membrane detach from cell wall)
Water potential outside animal cell is higher than inside the cell
Cell will expand and burst. Water molecules from the solution entered the cell
Water potential outside the animal cell is lower than inside the cell
Cell is crenated (shrinks and spikes form). Water molecules exit from the cell into the solution