Model & System - Nutrients/ Digestion Flashcards
Chemical elements which make up carbohydrates
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Chemical elements which make up fats
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygens
Chemical elements that make up proteins
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur (sometimes)
Glycogen from?
Glucose
Polypeptides and proteins from?
Amino acids
Lipids such as fats from?
Glycerol and fatty aids
Starch test
- use iodine solution
- Observation: Blue Black = starch is present
Reducing sugar test
- use Benedict’s solution (mix sample)
- place test tube in boiling water
- Observation: blue = no reducing present
Green = little reducing sugar present
yellow/ orange = Moderate amount of reducing sugar present
Brick red = a large amount of reducing sugar present
Protein test (biuret test)
- Shake sodium hydroxide together with sample
- copper sulfate solution
- Observation: Blue/ violet = a protein is present
Test for fats (Ethanol emulsion test)
- Add ethanol to sample and shake
- add distilled water and shake agn
- Observation: Mixture forms white emulsion = fat is present
Function of carbohydrates
Source of energy for the body
Carbohydrates: Single sugars
- basic unit of carbohydrates
- can be absorbed into the bloodstream by diffusion
E.g. glucose/fructose
Carbohydrates: Double sugars
- formed when 2 single sugars are joined together
E.g. maltose
Glucose + glucose = maltose
Complex carbohydrates
- made up of many sugar molecules joined together
E.g. starch => plants store glucose in the form of starch
Digestion of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are broken down by the body into maltose, and is then further broken down to form glucose, the basic unit of carbohydrates
*Carbohydrates=> maltose=> glucose + glucose