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Fundamentals of Cardiorespiratory system > Week 2 - Structure and function of blood vessels > Flashcards

Week 2 - Structure and function of blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

types of vessels

A

Arteries
Veins

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2
Q

Artery

A

carries O2 away from heart

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3
Q

Veins

A

Returns blood to heart

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4
Q

two distinct circuits

A

Systemic
Pulmonary

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5
Q

Systemic

A

Moves blood from right side of heart to lungs

Oxygenates blood

brings blood back to the heart

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6
Q

Pulmonary

A

Moves blood from left side of heart to head and body

returns deoxygenated blood to right side

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7
Q

Arterioles

A

Thicker walls
smaller lumens

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8
Q

Lumens

A

hollow passageway
blood flows through

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9
Q

vasa vasorum

A

small vessels within walls of large arteries and veins
provides nutrients to vessel walls

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10
Q

Layers of a blood vessel (Arteriole)

A

Tunica Intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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11
Q

Tunica Intima

A

Inner layer
Releases chemicals that can open and constrict arteries

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12
Q

Endothelium

A

damage to this layer can cause clots

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13
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle layer
smooth muscle
allows for vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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14
Q

Vasodilation

A

widening of blood vessels
result of relaxation of blood vessel’s muscular walls

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15
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of blood vessels
small muscles in their walls

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16
Q

Tunica externa

A

adventitia
outer layer
connective and elastic tissue

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17
Q

connective tissue

A

transports nutrients and wastes
defends against pathogens
stores fat
repairs damaged tissue
supports organs and cells

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18
Q

elastic tissue

A

composed mainly of elastic fibers
provides elasticity and resilience of tissue

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19
Q

How capillary beds work

A

blood moves from arterial system into capillaries
diffusion of blood, gases & nutrients occur here
can widen and narrow arterioles so blood flow is regulated

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20
Q

Blood reservoir

A

Veins act as reservoirs
contains 64% of blood volume
high capacitance

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21
Q

High capacitance

A

ability to distend

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22
Q

When rediverting blood is needed

A

sympathetic stimulation causes venous walls to squeeze blood back to the heart

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23
Q

Systemic blood pressure

A

Systolic
Diastolic
Pulse pressure
Mean arterial pressure

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24
Q

Systolic

A

Top number

25
Q

Diastolic

A

bottom number

26
Q

Pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic & diastolic

27
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

MAP
average pressure in arteries

28
Q

Factors affecting blood flow and blood pressure

A

cardiac output
compliance
volume of blood
viscosity of blood
blood vessel length and diameter

29
Q

How does the blood get back to the heart

A

Skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump

30
Q

Skeletal Muscle pump

A

Contraction of skeletal muscles surrounding a vein
High-Low pressure relationship
One-way valves

31
Q

Respiratory Pump

A

aids blood to move through veins of thorax and abdomen
Diaphragm drops, intercostals contract
Intercostals

32
Q

Capillary exchange

A

Hydrostatic
Osmotic

33
Q

Hydrostatic

A

Pressure at the start
The push (filtration

34
Q

Osmotic

A

Pressure at end
The pull (reabsorption)

35
Q

Regulation of the vascular system

A

Maintaining homeostasis
Neural regulation of P & Q

36
Q

Maintaining homeostasis

A

Cardiovascular system
Greater the energy needed by tissues, the greater demand for blood flow
body makes a priority list

37
Q

Neural Regulation of P & Q

A

Cardiovascular centers in brain
baroreceptor reflexes
Chemoreceptor reflexes

38
Q

Cardiovascular centers in brain

A

Located in medulla
Vasomotor centers

39
Q

Medulla

A

Responds to changes in oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen

40
Q

Vasomotor centers

A

Control tone of smooth muscles in vessels

41
Q

Chemoreceptor reflexes

A

Found in aortic and carotid sinuses
Responds to levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen (pH)
Low oxygen, high carbon dioxide and hydrogen

41
Q

Baroreceptorss

A

Stretch receptors in blood vessels and heart
More blood = More stretch and more signaling

41
Q
A
41
Q
A
41
Q

Autoregulation of Perfusion: Chemical Signals

A

Self-regulatory mechanisms
Opening of precapillary sphincter
closing of precapillary sphincter

41
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Increases HR, Force of contraction, reduced blood flow to non-essential organs

41
Q

Endocrine Regulation

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Autoregulation of perfusion: Chemical signals
Autoregulation of perfusion: Myogenic response

41
Q

Erythropeoietin

A

EPO
Increases RBC production and vasoconstricts

41
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

ADH
Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
Increase blood volume and BP

41
Q

Self-regulatory mechanisms

A

Can adjust blood flow

41
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone

A

ANH
Released when there is too much blood volume (reduces BP

41
Q

Opening of precapillary sphincter

A

Increased perfusion
Cell metabolism byproducts

42
Q

Closing precapillary sphincter

A

Decreased perfusion
Chemicals from vessel walls
Platelets
Prostaglandins

43
Q

Cell metabolism byproducts

A

Increase in CO2
decrease in O2

44
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Group of lipids with hormone-like actions that your body makes primarily at sites of tissue damage or infection

45
Q

Prostaglandins control processes

A

inflammation
blood flow
formation of blood clots
induction of labour

46
Q

Autoregulation of perfusion: Myogenic resposnse

A

Stretching of smooth muscle in arteriole wall

47
Q

Low stretch of smooth muscle in arteriole wall

A

Vessel dilates and increases BF

48
Q

High stretch of smooth muscle in arteriole wall

A

vessel constricts and reduces BF

Fundamentals of Cardiorespiratory system (4 decks)

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