Chapter 1: Intro To EPALS

Question 1

Name some physiological features which may impact on a child’s airway

Answer 1

Narrow airway
Large head
Small face
large tongue 
Babies breathe through their nose for the first six months of life
 Ellipsoid airway
The air Alviola surface area at birth is 3 m² compared to 70 m² in adult 
Weak intercostal muscles 

Question 2

How to workout minute ventilation?

Answer 2

Tidal volume X respiratory rate

Question 3

What is the circulating volume of a newborn?

Answer 3

80ml X kg

Question 4

In a infant, how much blood pumps around the body with one contraction of the heart

Answer 4

1.5ml x kg

Question 5

What do assess for disability in ABCDE?

Answer 5

AVPU
GCS
Assessing posture, muscle tone, and any focal signs , pupil size

Question 6

In ABCDE what would you assess in exposure?

Answer 6

To fully exposed the body
Temperature minimise heat loss


Question 7

How do you workout the estimated weight of a child?

Answer 7

(Age + 4) x2

Question 8

Approximately how much does an infant weigh?

Answer 8

3 kg at birth and 10 kg at one years of age

Question 9

What is the most common reason of death in an Neonate

Answer 9

Congenital abnormality followed by adverse perinatal events and sudden infant death syndrome

Question 10

What is the most common cause of death in a preschool child?

Answer 10

Malignancy and trauma
Congenital anomalies
Central nervous system disease, including epilepsy
Respiratory disease

Question 11

What is the most common cause of death for a child between five and nine years old?

Answer 11

Malignancy and trauma
Central nervous system disease

Question 12

What is the most common cause of death for a 10 to 14-year-old?

Answer 12

Trauma

Question 13

What is the most common cause of death for 815 to 19-year-old

Answer 13

Suicide and risk-taking behaviour such as drug use

Question 14

What is the survival rate of a full secondary cardiorespiratory arrest?

Answer 14

 Less than 5% out of hospital
And 54% in hospital