fluid imbalences

Question 1

Dehydration, Hypovolemia or Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit (ECFVD)

Answer 1

No water, no salt, or both. *Serum Osmolality >300 (hypertonic in the plasma)

Question 2

Treatment for hypovolemia

Answer 2

Correct the cause
Encourage oral fluids
IV Fluids: Typically, LR, 0.9% NS or D5NS

Question 3

Marked dehydration

Answer 3

• ↑ temp HR, & RR, ↓ BP
• Dry mucus membranes, poor skin turgor (on sternum or forehead)
• Lab Values Elevated: ↑Hct, Hgb, BUN and Na
  specific gravity > 1.030 (high)

Question 4

severe dehydration

Answer 4

same as marked along with metabolic acidosis

Question 5

Fatal dehydration

Answer 5

Hemoconcentration (Increased HCT, BUN, & electrolytes)

Question 6

Common s/sx in older adults with dehydration

Answer 6

Confusion, Irritability, Lethargy

Question 7

s/sx of Overhydration, Hypervolemia, Fluid Volume Overload, or Extracellular Fluid Volume Excess (ECFVE)<270

Answer 7

*Pulmonary edema
*Jugular vein engorgement/distension – distended neck veins
*Bounding pulse, tachycardia, increased blood pressure (BP)
*rapid weight gain

Question 8

lab tests of hypervolemia

Answer 8

*Serum osmolality is below 270
*Serum protein, albumin, BUN, Hgb, & Hct levels can be ↓ due to hemodilution