Discharges Firearm or Doing Dangerous Act with intent S198(2)(b) CA61 Flashcards
What are the elements of S198(2)(b) CA61
- With intent to injure/or with reckless disregard for the safety of others
- Sends to any person/Delivers to any person/or puts in any place
- Any Explosive/Injurious Substance
Intent
There are two types of intent. Firstly, and act or omission that is done deliberately, the act or omission must be more than involuntary or accidental. The second type is the intent to produce a specific result. AIM OBJECT PURPOSE
R v Collister
Circumstantial evidence of the offender’s intent may be inferred by:
- The offender’s actions and words before, during and after the event
- Surrounding circumstances
- The nature of the act itself
R v Taisalika
The nature of the blow and the gash which it produced on the complainant’s head would point strongly to the presence of the necessary intent.
Define Reckless Disregard
While it is necessary to prove the defendant foresaw the risk, it it not necessary that he/she recognised the extent of the injury that would result
What must be proved regarding recklessness
Subjective test: The defendant was aware of the risk and proceeded regardless
Objective test: It was unreasonable for him/her to run that risk.
Cameron v R
Recklessness is established if:
(a) The defendant recognised that there was a real possibility that
(i) His/her actions would bring about a proscribed result and/or
(ii) The prescribed circumstances existed and
(b) Having regard to that risk, those actions were unreasonable
Define Injure S2 CA61
To injure means to cause actual bodily harm
Define Actual Bodily Harm
Actual Bodily harm may be internal or external, and it need not be permanent or dangerous.
Note: In R v Chan-fook, actual bodily harm includes psychiatric injury, if medical evidence confirms and identifiable clinical condition
R v Donovan
Bodily Harm…..includes any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of the victim….it need not be permanent, but must, no doubt, be more than merely transitory and trifling
Define Explosive S2 Arms Act 83
Means any substances or mixture or combination of substances, in which in their original state, is capable of decomposition at such a rapid rate that it causes an explosion or produces a pyrotechnic effect.
Define Offence completion S198(1)(b) CA61
- (b) It is not necessary for an explosion to occur; the offence is complete when an explosive or injurious substance or device is sent/delivered/put in place. However, the substance must have the capacity to explode or cause injury