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CAB- History Empire Development of Imperialism > Consequences of the Indian Mutiny > Flashcards

Consequences of the Indian Mutiny Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of land is part of a directly ruled province?

A

61.5%

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2
Q

How many directly ruled provinces are there?

A

7

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3
Q

Name the directly ruled provinces:

A

a. Bombay,
b. Bengal,
c. Madras,
d. The Punjab,
e. the Central Province,
f. the North West Provinces
g. the North West Frontier provinces

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4
Q

What percentage of the land of India is ruled by a prince?

A

38.5%

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5
Q

How many princely states are there?

A

601

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6
Q

Within princely states, who controls which policies?

A

The Princes controlled their own domestic policies but all foreign and political policies were in British control.

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7
Q

How many people lived in the princely states?

A

62.5 million people

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8
Q

How many people live in the British providences?

A

232 million

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9
Q

When is Queen Victoria claimed Empress of India?

A

1st January 1877

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10
Q

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)

A
  1. Proposal that at lower levels the jurisdiction of the courts should be equally applied to both Indians and Brits.
  2. Why? (2)
  3. Reactions (5)
  4. Reactions to the reactions (3)
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11
Q

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)
2. Why? (2)

A

a. Previously Indian judges couldn’t preside in cases that involved British subjects.
b. It made sense because more Indians were qualified and were entering the judiciary system.

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12
Q

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)
3. Reactions (5)

A

a. Returned the mutiny fear especially for their white women because of practises such as sati or the rapes that happen during the mutiny.
b. Because of the outcry the bill gets amended so that if a European is tried the jury has to be majority European.
c. Brits say that if this law is passed then they wouldn’t obey it.
d. This was sometimes referred to as “the white mutiny”.
e. The proposal was amended so that if a European was a defendant, then the jury would have to be over 50% white.

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13
Q

The Ilbert Bill 1883 (4)
4. Reactions to the reactions (3)

A

a. Increased pessimism that Britain would never truly respect Indians let alone give them power or responsibility.
b. Adds towards the growing feelings of nationalism.
c. People take note of the power that their threat of widespread passive resistance had. (Apparently, notably including Gandhi)

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14
Q

Government and society (5)

A
  1. Introduction (3)
  2. British Attitudes (2)
  3. Legal System (2)
  4. Equality of Opportunity (3)
  5. Support for British Rule (2)
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15
Q

Government and society (5)
1. Introduction (3)

A

a. Relationship between ruler and ruled soured by the 1857 Mutiny.
b. Reporting in Britain emphasized Indian savagery while ignoring British brutality.
c. Belief in the Westernization of the East was questioned.

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16
Q

Government and society (5)
2. British Attitudes (2)

A

a. Arrogance of white men fuelled by Social-Darwinist theories of superiority.
b. British grew more detached and separated from Indian culture.

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17
Q

Government and society (5)
3. Legal System (2)

A

a. Legal systems imposed favoured the white man.
b. Too complex and expensive to help the poor, particularly in matters of land tenure.

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18
Q

Government and society (5)
4. Equality of Opportunity (3)

A

a. Supposed equality of opportunity had limited impact.
b. More educational opportunities for wealthier Indians who formed the new professional classes, but little for peasants.
c. Those even with education found it hard to obtain promotions beyond lower ranks of colonial bureaucracy.

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19
Q

Government and society (5)
5. Support for British Rule (2)

A

a. Some Indian princes and large landlords supported the Raj.
b. For most of the population, British rule was regarded with indifference.

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20
Q

Please give an example of a higher-value cash-crop.

A

Rice

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21
Q

Please give an example of a lower value grain.

A

Rye

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22
Q

How much of the land was affected by British schemes for irrigation and land improvements

A

6%

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23
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)

A
  1. The British built railways (2)
  2. The British offered markets for Indian agricultural produce (3)
  3. The British developed schemes for irrigation and land improvements (1)
  4. The British provided Indians with cheap British manufactures (1)
  5. The British provided schools and universities (2)
  6. The British provided jobs for Indians. (2)
  7. Poverty continued (1)
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24
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
1. The British built railways (2)

A

a. But these were geared to needs of control and trade.
b. Most villages lacked even mud roads.

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25
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
2. The British offered markets for Indian agricultural produce (3)

A

a. But this encouraged specialisation in the higher-value cash-crops (rice and wheat) at the cost of lower value grains (rye, barley, millet and coarse rice )
b. Lower value grains were the main food staple for most of the population.
c. India became dependent on food imports and consumption per head declined.

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26
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
3. The British developed schemes for irrigation and land improvements (1)

A

a. But these only took place where they supported British commercial interests and affected only 6 per cent of the land.

27
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
4. The British provided Indians with cheap British manufactures (1)

A

a. But India was unable to develop viable industries of its own (such as had once existed) and its economy was skewed.

28
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
5. The British provided schools and universities (2)

A

a. But only the privileged few could benefit.
b. Illiteracy remained widespread.

28
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
6. The British provided jobs for Indians. (2)

A

a. Where? (4)
b. However, only a minority of Indians could obtain such employment.

29
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
6. The British provided jobs for Indians. (2)
a. Where? (4)

A

i. On the railways,
ii. In the army
iii. In the police
iv. In the civil service and as clerks.

30
Q

There was little reason why the Indians should love the British. (7)
7. Poverty continued (1)

A

a. Death rates from famine were high.

31
Q

Between which years did Viceroy Canning do an exhaustive tour of India?

A

1859-1861

32
Q

Why did Viceroy Canning do an exhaustive tour of India between 1859 and 1861?

A

to win back those who had been dispossessed or felt alienated by British rule

33
Q

Between 1859 and 1861, Viceroy Canning made an exhaustive tour of India designed to win back those who had been dispossessed or felt alienated by British rule. As a result of his efforts:

A
  1. Some land and titles were returned to native Indians.
  2. Star of India medals were introduced.
  3. Positions in either the Imperial Assembly or Statutory Civil Service were. shared amongst the Indian nobility.
  4. More educational establishments, teaching in English, were opened.
34
Q

Where were the universities that were established in 1857?

A

Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta

35
Q

When were the universities in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta established?

A

1857

36
Q

Why were elite schools set up?

A

To produce “Westernised Oriental Gentlemen.”

37
Q

How many Indians entered universities in the 30 years following 1857?

A

60,000

38
Q

In how many years following 1857 did 60,000 Indians enter a university?

A

30

39
Q

Out of the 6,000 Indians who entered a university in the 30 years following 1857, how many went into law?

A

2,000

40
Q

Out of the 6,000 Indians who entered a university in the 30 years following 1857, what did most do?

A

There was an overwhelming majority in arts.

41
Q

By 1882, how many graduates of the Calcutta university were there and roughly how many of them then entered government service?

A

1,712 in total but 1/3 went into government service

42
Q

By what year had there been 1,712 graduates in total in Calcutta’s university?

A

1882

43
Q

By 1882 how many graduates of all three universities gone into government service?

A

1,100

44
Q

By which year had 1,100 of all university applicants got into government service?

A

1882

45
Q

The extension of education (4)

A
  1. Establishment of Universities and Elite Schools (2)
  2. University Education (2)
  3. Career Opportunities (3)
  4. Mary Carpenter’s Contributions (3)
46
Q

The extension of education (4)
1. Establishment of Universities and Elite Schools (2)

A

a. Universities established in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta in 1857.
b. Elite schools such as Rajkumar College, Mayo College, and Bombay’s Cathedral School set up to produce “Westernised Oriental Gentlemen.”

47
Q

The extension of education (4)
2. University Education (2)

A

a. In the 30 years following 1857, 60,000 Indians entered universities.
b. Overwhelming majority in Arts, but 2,000 in Law

48
Q

The extension of education (4)
3. Career Opportunities (3)

A

a. Of the 1,712 Calcutta students who graduated by 1882, over a third entered government service.
b. Slightly more went into the legal profession.
c. Graduates of the three universities by 1882 accounted for some 1,100 appointments to government service.

49
Q

The extension of education (4)
4. Mary Carpenter’s Contributions (3)

A

a. Social reformer Mary Carpenter visited India four times between 1866 and 1875.
b. She helped establish British teachers for India and girls’ schools in Bombay and Ahmedabad.
c. Opened a college to train female Indian teachers.

50
Q

How many tea plantations were there in 1851?

A

1

51
Q

In which year was there only 1 tea plantation?

A

1851

52
Q

How many tea plantations were there in 1871?

A

295

53
Q

By which year were there 295 tea plantations?

A

1871

54
Q

Economic Change (4)

A
  1. Economic Changes Following 1858 (3)
  2. Industry (2)
  3. Tea Plantations (1)
  4. Raw Cotton Production (1)
55
Q

Economic Change (4)
1. Economic Changes Following 1858 (3)

A

a. Greatest change was an investment in growth.
b. Railways were built more for strategic purposes but helped stimulate trade and development of inaccessible areas.
c. Some European-style factories were built, but most manufactured goods still came from Britain.

56
Q

Economic Change (4)
2. Industry (2)

A

a. Virtually no heavy industry present in India at the time.
b. The majority of the Indian population relied on farming to provide for their basic needs such as food and shelter rather than selling their products in commercial markets.

57
Q

Economic Change (4)
3. Tea Plantations (1)

A

a. Number of tea plantations increased from 1 in 1851 to 295 by 1871.

58
Q

Economic Change (4)
4. Raw Cotton Production (1)

A

a. Domestic production of raw cotton for export to Britain increased in the 1880s and 1890s.

59
Q

Who set up the National Indian Association?

A

Mary Carpenter

60
Q

When was the National Indian Association set up?

A

1870

61
Q

Broadly speaking, why was the National Indian Association set up?

A

To promote reforms in India

62
Q

What was the first reform that the National Indian Association tried to do?

A

Improve education for Indian women.

CAB- History Empire Development of Imperialism (11 decks)

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