Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTH9111 Test 2 > PT9111 - Lecture 19 (Modalities 3) > Flashcards

PT9111 - Lecture 19 (Modalities 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged ions that are part of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Electrical current

A

Flow of electrons from one area to another ([high] to [low])

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amperes

A

Rate of current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Voltage

A

Potential difference between high and low concentration areas of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

Rate of current (I) is directly proportional to strength of driving force (V) and inversely proportional to resistance (R)
I=V/R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name materials of high conductance

A

metal and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name materials of high resistance

A

Air, wood, glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tissues with high conductance

A
  1. High water content
  2. Blood
  3. Granulation Tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tissues with high resistance

A
  1. Skin
  2. Bone
  3. Necrotic Tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 3 factors increase skin impedance

A
  1. Cooler skin temp
  2. Hair and oil present
  3. Increased skin thickness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 3 factors decrease skin impedance

A
  1. Remove excess hair
  2. Warming skin
  3. Washing skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the cathode and anode in terms of electric current

A

Cathode is black and is the negative pole that causes nerve depolarization and sends signal to positive/red anode where hyperpolarization then occurs down the nerve fibre so signal stays local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 6 characteristics that are different between anodes and cathodes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cathode results in a [blank] reaction

A

Basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anode results in a [blank] reaction

A

Acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 types of currents

A
  1. Direct Current
  2. Alternating Current
  3. Pulsed Current
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Direct Current

A

Continuous unidirectional movement of charged particles = net charge has polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alternating Current

A

Uninterrupted bidirectional movement of electrically charge particles = no net charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 primary differences between direct and alternating current

A

Direct = flow of e- is unidirectional and polarity is constant
Alternating = Flow of e- reverses and no polar effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pulsed Current

A

Pulses of current flow interrupted by short periods

21
Q

Name the 2 types of pulsed currents

A
  1. Biphasic
  2. Monophasic
22
Q

Monophasic Pulsed Current

A

Isolated unit of unidirectional movement of charged particles separated by a finite period from another unit of charged particles = net charge has polarity

23
Q

Biphasic Pulsed Current

A

Isolated unit of bidirectional movement of charged particles separated by finite period from another unit of charged particles = no net charge

24
Q

Name two types of standard currents

A
  1. Household current = changes polarity
  2. Batteries = direct current
25
Q

Name 6 characteristics of waveforms

A
  1. Duration
  2. Amplitude
  3. Frequency
  4. Bursting
  5. Rate of rise and decay (ramping)
  6. Waveform shape
26
Q

Name 3 types of duration

A
  1. Pulse
  2. Phase
  3. Cycle
27
Q

Pulse

A

Single waveform that may have one or more phases

28
Q

Phase

A

Portion of pulse which rises above or below baseline and returns to baseline

29
Q

Cycle

A

2 phases that each return to baseline

30
Q

Amplitude

A

Magnitude of electromotive force driving e-

31
Q

T or F: The greater the amplitude the stronger the current

A

T

32
Q

Frequency

A

Number of pulses or cycles per second

33
Q

At what frequency do we get tetanic muscle contraction

A

> 50 Hz

34
Q

At what frequency do we get only muscle twitching

A

<50 Hz

35
Q

T or F: As frequency increases, duration increases

A

F as frequency increases, duration decreases

36
Q

Bursting

A

Train of pulses follow by short period of time with no activity to decrease accommodation by nerves of stimulus and elicit a strong muscle contraction

37
Q

Ramping

A

Waves rising gradually to full amplitude and the falling gradually to zero current to allow muscle to warm up to stimulus and not cause too strong of a contraction immediately

38
Q

T or F: Different waveform shapes can cancel each other out to cause no charge

A

T

39
Q

Do biphasic, symmetrical currents have a charge?

A

No charge

40
Q

Do biphasic, asymmetrical currents have a charge?

A

It depends, but yes, if they are not balanced

41
Q

Do monophasic currents have a charge?

A

Yes

42
Q

Why do we have to worry about a charge?

A

Build up of charge leads to acidic or basic chemical reactions so it is important to know the current used and if the phases are balanced (if biphasic)

43
Q

What are the 3 most important characteristics to delivering a sufficient current

A
  1. Duration (usec)
  2. Amplitude (mA)
  3. Frequency (Hz)
    **Combination of these values can result in subsensory stimulation, appropriate treatment, or noxious stimulation
44
Q

Accomodation

A

Overtime, with a constant amplitude, frequency or duration of electrical energy, a nerve will become unexcitable

45
Q

How to modulate so accommodation does not occur

A

Modify intensity, frequency (eg. bursting), duration or a combination of these

46
Q

What are 8 contraindications to using electrical modalities

A
  1. Pacemaker/arrhythmia
  2. Over carotid sinus or excitable areas like chest, eyes and head
  3. Thrombophlebitis
  4. Impaired sensation, altered mental state, or poor communication skills
  5. Over pelvis, abdomen, trunk when pregnant
  6. Severe peripheral vascular disease (only with NMES because works body too hard and can cause damage)
  7. Over superficial metal implants
  8. Cancer
47
Q

Name 3 precautions of electrical modalities

A
  1. Turn machine off before checking leads
  2. Be aware of ON:OFF cycles when adjusting amplitude
  3. Application of electrodes (evenly against skin with constant pressure)
48
Q

Name 3 adverse reactions of electrical modalities

A

PSS:
Pain (P)-> requires good therapist
Skin reactions (s) -> burns due to build of ions (increased risk from long treatment, sweating, jewelery, creams)
Risk of Surge (S) -> Could be electrocuted

PTH9111 Test 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions