Exam 2 Flashcards
Active transport ________.
-utilizes energy
-cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient
-requires cofactors
-cannot reach a saturation point
utilizes energy
Which of the following is NOT a function of integrins?
-Allow diffusion to occur through the plasma membrane
-Communicate between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
-Establish cell polarity
-Glue components of the matrix
Allow diffusion to occur through the plasma membrane
What structures affect cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation?
-Collagen IV
-Integrins
-Proteoglycans
-Basal lamina
integrins
How much of the total body water content is in the intracellular compartment?
-80%
-67%
-50%
-33%
67%
A 0.1 Osm plasma sample would ________.
-inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone
-stimulate the action of osmoreceptors
-be hypertonic to the cells
-stimulate an increase in blood volume
inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone
A solution with an osmolality four times greater than plasma would freeze at ________.
−1.12°C
−0.56°C
−1.68°C
−2.24°C
−2.24°C
Osmotic pressure is a measure of the force needed to ________.
-stop edema
-stop osmosis
-cause osmosis
-open aquaporins
stop osmosis
A cell placed in a 9% saline solution (molecular weight = 58.5g) would ________.
-not change
-crenate
-swell
-Lyse
crenate
The glucose carrier of skeletal muscle is designated as ________.
GLUT4
GLUT2
GLUT3
GLUT5
GLUT4
Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if the ________.
-concentration of water in the cell decreased
-concentration of the molecule in the cell increased
-cell was isotonic
-concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased
concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased
What type of junctional complex will prohibit paracellular transport?
-Adherens junctions
-Gap junctions
-Desmosomes
-Tight junctions
Tight junctions
Which of the following is NOT a primary active transport pump?
-Proton pump
-GLUT4
-Sodium/potassium pump
-Calcium pump
GLUT4
The primary intracellular cation is ________.
Mg2+
Ca2+
K+
Na+
K+
If the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ was 10mEq/L and the extracellular concentration was 150mEq/L, the Ca2+ equilibrium potential would be ________.
−35.9mV
−71.8mV
+71.8mV
+35.9mV
+35.9mV
Most cells have a resting membrane potential between ________.
+65mV and +90mV
+60mV and −90mV
−65mV and −85mV
−60mV and −90mV
−65mV and −85mV
The resting membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential for ________.
calcium ions
sodium ions
potassium ions
chloride ions
potassium ions
To exert effects on its target cell, ________ would require a second messenger.
-epinephrine and acetylcholine
-acetylcholine
-epinephrine
-nitric oxide
epinephrine and acetylcholine
Which of the following is NOT a G-protein?
Beta
Alpha
Gamma
Delta
Delta
Where is the receptor for a nonpolar, lipid-soluble regulatory molecule?
-Embedded in the outer surface of the plasma membrane
-Embedded in the inner surface of the plasma membrane
-In the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell
-All of the choices are correct.
In the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell
What determines how a regulatory molecule influences its target cell?
-All of the choices are correct.
-Solubility
-Polarity
-Presence of receptor proteins for the regulatory molecule
All of the choices are correct.
Passive transport of water is known as ________.
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
filtration
a water pump
osmosis
Which of the following types of transport does not require membrane proteins?
Bulk
Simple diffusion
Active
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Matrix metalloproteinases ________.
-synthesize collagen in the extracellular matrix
-may be active in invasive cancer cells
-produce the basal lamina
-synthesize proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix
may be active in invasive cancer cells
Diffusion ________ the entropy of a solution.
-increases
-does not change
-Decreases
increases
The rate of diffusion is influenced by ________.
-the concentration gradient
-membrane permeability
-membrane surface area
-All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
How do small molecules like Na+ of K+ pass through the plasma membrane?
-Ion channels
-Gated channels
-Simple diffusion
-Carrier proteins
Ion channels
A solution consists of a ________ which dissolves the ________.
-solute; solvent
-solvent; solute
-solvent; solid
-liquid; solid
solvent; solute
The transport of amino acids across epithelial membranes requires the ________.
-facilitated diffusion
-Na+/H+ pump
-Ca2+ pump
-Na+/K+ pump
Na+/H+ pump
Which of the following is a function of the steep Na+/K+ gradient across the cell membrane?
-Provides energy for coupled transport
-Creates electrochemical gradient
-Maintains osmotic pressure
-All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
Where are GLUT carriers located in an unstimulated muscle fiber?
-In the plasma membrane facing the external environment
-Within cytoplasmic vesicles
-In the plasma membrane facing the internal environment
-There are no GLUT carriers present
Within cytoplasmic vesicles
Why does adding glucose to oral rehydration therapy solutions result in more rapid recovery from dehydration?
-Adding glucuose causes secondary active transport of sodium across the epithelial membrane of the intestine.
-The presence of glucose increases the intestinal absorption of Na+ and water through an increased osmotic effect.
-Glucose is used to supply energy for the active transport of sodium and water across the epithelial membrane of the intestine.
-All of the choices are correct.
The presence of glucose increases the intestinal absorption of Na+ and water through an increased osmotic effect.
The Na+/K+ pump ________.
-is an example of secondary active transport
-establishes equal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane
-contributes to the maintenance of the negative resting membrane potential
-exchanges three potassium for every two sodium molecules
contributes to the maintenance of the negative resting membrane potential
If the Na+/K+ pump did not function, the ________ of the cell would become more ________.
-resting membrane potential would be zero.
-interior; negatively-charged
-interior; positively-charged
-exterior; positively-charged
interior; positively-charged
Which of the following is NOT true of cyclic AMP?
-It activates enzymes inside a cell to produce the desired effect.
-It is made from ATP.
-It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane.
-It is a second messenger for polar regulatory molecules.
It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane.
What structures are used for direct cell to cell signaling?
-Desmosomes
-Exocytosis vesicles
-Tight junctions
-Gap junctions
Gap junctions
Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling molecules?
-Paracrine signaling
-Enzymatic signaling
-Synaptic signaling
-Endocrine signaling
Enzymatic signaling
Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix are ________.
-integrin proteins
-transport proteins
-receptor proteins
-lysosomal proteins
integrin proteins
Which of the following is NOT true of a person who is dehydrated?
-ADH causes the kidneys to excrete water
-Hypothalamus stimulates release of ADH
-Plasma osmolality increases
-Increased osmolality causes thirst
ADH causes the kidneys to excrete water
Plasma freezes at ________.
−0.56°C
−1.86°C
−1.00°C
-0.00°C
−0.56°C
What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional?
-Calcium
-Chromium
-Copper
-Zinc
Zinc
The Na+/K+ pump transports ________ into the cell and ________ out of the cell per cycle.
2Na+;3K+
2K+;3Na+
3Na+;2K+
3K+;2Na+
2K+;3Na+
How much of the extracellular fluid comes from blood plasma?
20%
92%
33%
50%
20%
Which of the following organs do NOT normally have many aquaporins in the plasma membranes of their cells?
-Skin
-Lungs
-Salivary glands
-Kidneys
Skin
The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly related to its ________ concentration.
-matrix
-solute
-solvent
-water
solute
Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement of water are called ________.
-aquaporins
-water tubes
-aqueducts
-streams
aquaporins
The transport maximum is related to the property known as ________.
-inhibition
-specificity
-saturation
-competition
saturation
A membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through it is called ________.
-countertransport
-porous
-permeable
-selectively permeable
selectively permeable
The ATPase enzyme ________.
-hydrolyzes ATP into ADP and Pi
-powers endocytosis
-couples Na+ to glucose
-adds a Pi to ADP
hydrolyzes ATP into ADP and Pi
Protein carrier-mediated transport of molecules display ________.
-specificity
-competition
-saturation
-All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
Transport of materials through an epithelial cell is called ________.
-transcellular transport
-exocytosis
-bulk transport
-paracellular transport
transcellular transport
The sodium equilibrium potential using an extracellular Na+ concentration of 145 mEq/L and an intracellular concentration of 14 mEq/L would be approximately ________.
+62mV
+90mV
−90mV
−62mV
+62mV
Hyperkalemia would ________ the resting membrane potential of the cell.
-reverse
-have no effect on
-increase
-decrease
decrease
What type of cell signaling uses neurotransmitters to innervate its target organ?
-Paracrine signaling
-Gap junctions
-Synaptic signaling
-Endocrine signaling
Synaptic signaling
Choose the correct description of the Na+/K+ pump.
-It generates a positive membrane potential.
-It actively transports 3 sodium ions into the cell.
-It is an example of primary active transport.
-It actively transports 2 potassium ions out of the cell
It is an example of primary active transport.
A 0.5M glucose (molecular weight = 180g) contains ________ grams of glucose per liter.
180
6.02 × 10^23
90
360
90
Cerebral edema would be treated with a(an) ________ intravenous solution of mannitol.
-isotonic
-hypotonic
-hypertonic
hypertonic
What type of cell signaling occurs through the extracellular matrix to nearby target cells?
-Gap junctions
-Paracrine signaling
-Synaptic signaling
-Endocrine signaling
Paracrine signaling
Dialysis uses the process of ________.
-simple diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-primary active transport
-secondary active transport
simple diffusion
Inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis could ________.
-prevent diabetes mellitus
-induce diabetes mellitus
-induce Hypercholesterolemia
-prevent Hypercholesterolemia
induce Hypercholesterolemia
Where is the G-protein complex when a regulatory molecule is not bound to its receptor?
-The alpha subunit is attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
-The beta and gamma subunits are attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
-The three subunits are together but not attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
-The three subunits are together AND attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
The three subunits are together AND attached to the inner surface of the receptor
What molecules pass information from the polar regulatory molecule receptor to activate the enzymes that produce cAMP?
-Paracrines
-G-proteins
-GTP
-None of the choices are correct.
G-proteins
Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will ________.
-decrease in volume
-lose water to the solution
-increase in volume
-increase intracellular solute concentration
increase in volume
Why are cells in body organs generally within 100 μm of a blood capillary?
-A larger distance maximizes entropy
-So that larger particles can diffuse more easily
-To increase mean diffusion time
-To decrease mean diffusion time
To decrease mean diffusion time
Active transport carriers are also called ________.
-vesicles
-channels
-receptors
-pumps
pumps
Glucose transported via the GLUT carrier is characterized as ________.
-active transport
-receptor-mediated endocytosis
-co-transport
-passive transport
passive transport
Which of the following is NOT true of cyclic AMP?
-It is made from ATP.
-It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane.
-It is a second messenger for polar regulatory molecules.
-It activates enzymes inside a cell to produce the desired effect
It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane.
How many grams of sucrose (mw= 342g) would need to be added to 1L of water to produce a 2.5 Osm solution?
342
855
2.5
500
855
Regardless of solubility, a cell signaling molecule could not affect a target cell without____
-Being attached to another cell
-A second messenger in the plasma membrane
-Specific receptor proteins within the cell or in the plasma membrane
-All of the choices are correct
Specific receptor proteins within the cell or in the plasma membrane
Ion channels that can be opened by physiological stimuli are said to be ________.
-Hypertonic
-Polar
- Gated
-Aquaporins
Gated
Poisoning that disables the Na+/K+ pump would cause the volume of the cell to _______.
-Decrease
-Increase
-Remain the same
Increase
In secondary active transport, if the other substance is moved in the same direction as Na+, it is called _____.
-Antiport
-Symport
-Cotransport
-Cotransport and symport are both correct.
Cotransport and symport are both correct.
Secondary active transport___.
-always moves molecules in the same direction as sodium ions.
-requires the influx of sodium ions
-utilizes energy directly through the hydrolysis of ATP
-only occurs in the kidney
requires the influx of sodium ions
The class of glycoproteins which bond to components in the extracellular matrix, thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix are called ______.
-Glycocalyces
-Aquaporins
-Integrins
-Desmosomes
Integrins
The majority of water within the body is found in the ______.
-Extracellular compartment
-Interstitial fluid
-Intracellular compartment
-Blood plasma
Intracellular compartment
Which of the following is able to passively penetrate the plasma membrane (without a transport protein)?
-O2
-Small charged particles
-Larger polar molecules
-All of the choices are correct
O2
A six molar sucrose (molecular weight = 342g) solution would contain ___________.
342g sucrose per liter
2052g sucrose per liter
1026g sucrose per liter
57g sucrose per liter
2052g sucrose per liter
Glycosuria would occur if the ________ of the renal glucose transport protein is exceeded.
-Transport maximum
-Saturation level
-Transport maximum or saturation level
-Transport minimum
Transport maximum or saturation level
The transport of molecules out of the urinary filtrate and into the blood is called ________.
-absorption
-reabsorption
-countertransport
-symport
reabsorption
What structure, found surrounding PNS axons, is NOT found surrounding CNS axons?
-Plasma membrane
-Nodes of Ranvier
-Myelin sheath
-Neurilemma
Neurilemma
The term “white matter” refers to ________.
-nonmyelinated axons in the CNS
-myelinated axons in the PNS
-nonmyelinated cell bodies and dendrites in the CNS
-myelinated axons in the CNS
myelinated axons in the CNS
A bundle of axons in the CNS is called a ________.
-tract
-neuron
-bundle
-Nerve
tract
What is NOT true of the relative refractory period?
-K+ is moving out of the axon through its open channels
-Na+ channels are inactivated
-A strong stimulus could cause a depolarization
-Many Na+ channels are returning to a closed state
Na+ channels are inactivated
Conduction of an action potential in a myelinated axon is called ________.
-cable conduction
-saltatory conduction
-refractory conduction
-point to point conduction
saltatory conduction
How do neurons code for a greater response?
-Greater Na+ concentration gradient
-Greater amplitude of stimuli
-Increased frequency of stimuli
-More active Na+/K+ pump
Increased frequency of stimuli
Neurotransmitter action could be prevented, or disrupted, if a drug or other agent ________.
-blocked voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane
-increased the expression of CAMs in the postsynaptic membrane
-decreased the concentration of SNARE complexes in the postsynaptic cell
-decreased the distance between the pre- and postsynaptic membranes
blocked voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic membrane
What action would produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane?
-Outflow of K+ ions
-Opening of Ca2+ channels into the neuron
-Influx of Na+ ions
-Opening of Cl- channels into the neuron
Opening of Cl- channels into the neuron
Neurotransmitter release would be inhibited by ________.
-stimulating protein kinase activity
-blocking repolarization of the axon terminal
-blocking Ca2+ influx in the axon terminal
stimulating repolarization of the axon terminal
blocking Ca2+ influx in the axon terminal
Curare is a competitive ACh antagonist at ________ ACh receptors.
-muscarinic
-nicotinic
-NMDA
-Kainate
nicotinic
What is the action of the binding of muscarine to its receptors in the digestive system?
-Beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.
-Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
-Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, open them, leading to hyperpolarization.
-Beta-gamma subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization.
Alpha subunits bind to K+ channels, close them, leading to depolarization
Acetylcholine ________.
-is always an excitatory neurotransmitter
-can bind to nicotinic receptors
-is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released by motor neurons
-can bind to adrenergic receptors
can bind to nicotinic receptors
Neuroleptics, which are used to treat schizophrenia, are ________.
-glutamate agonists
-dopamine agonists
-dopamine antagonists
-ACh antagonists
dopamine antagonists
Which of the following is NOT classified as a catecholamine?
-Dopamine
-Epinephrine
-Histamine
-Norepinephrine
Histamine
Endocannabinoids are retrograde neurotransmitters, meaning they are ________.
-released from presynaptic neurons and diffuse to the postsynaptic neuron
-released from postsynaptic neurons and diffuse to the presynaptic neuron
-released from presynaptic neurons and diffuse back to the presynaptic cell body
-None of the choices are correct.
released from postsynaptic neurons and diffuse to the presynaptic neuron
Where is glycine released?
-from the motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles
-In the CNS
-In the PNS
-At the diaphragm
In the CNS
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are produced in the brain primarily by ________.
-glutamate
-glycine
-benzodiazepines
-gamma-aminobutyric acid
glutamate
Which of the following is NOT true of long-term potentiation (LTP)?
-Repeated stimulation enhance excitability
-Associated with insertion of AMPA glutamate receptors
-Associated with the removal of AMPA glutamate receptors
-It is a form of synaptic plasticity
Associated with the removal of AMPA glutamate receptors
Temporal summation ________.
-occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic cell
-only involves inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
-occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitter rapidly
-only involves excitatory postsynaptic potentials
occurs when a single neuron releases neurotransmitter rapidly
Enhancing the excitability of a synapse so that transmission is favored along certain pathways is called ________.
-synaptic plasticity
-summation
-excitotoxicity
-long-term potentiation
long-term potentiation
Which type of cell lines the ventricles of the brain and help produce cerebrospinal fluid?
-Microglia
-Oligodendrocytes
-Satellite cells
-Ependymal cells
Ependymal cells
Choose the statement that correctly describes the structure or function of dendrites.
-Are thin extensions of the axon
-Release neurotransmitters to initiate graded potentials in adjacent cells
-Transmit graded electrochemical impulses toward the cell body
Transmit graded electrochemical impulses toward the cell body
Which division of the nervous system innervates involuntary effectors?
-Somatic nervous system
-Autonomic Nervous system
-Central nervous system
Autonomic Nervous system
The membrane of resting nerve cells is more permeable to ______ ions than _____ ions.
-Potassium; sodium
-Chloride; potassium
-Calcium; potassium
-Sodium potassium
Potassium; sodium
What is needed to return a membrane to its resting membrane potential, with all ions in the current locations?
-Influx of negatively charged ions into the cell
-Outflow of Na+ ions via passive ion channels
-Outflow of K+ ions via passive ion channels
-Na+/K+ pump action
Na+/K+ pump action
Ion channels that open in response to depolarization are called__
-Potential-gated channels
-Stimulation-gated channels
-Voltage-gated channels
-Ion-gated channels
Voltage-gated channels
The synapses which occur between axons of presynaptic cells and dendrites of postsynaptic cells are called___.
-Axodendritic
-Axoaxonic
-Myoneural
-axosomatic
Axodendritic
The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by ________.
-ependymal cells
-oligodendrocytes
-leukocytes
-Schwann cells
Schwann cells
Cells supporting neuron cell bodies in ganglia are termed ________.
-Schwann cells
-astrocytes
-satellite cells
-ependymal cells
satellite cells
The gap of exposed axon in the myelin sheath is the ________.
-White matter
-Sheath of schwann
-Node of Ranvier
-Neurilemma
Node of Ranvier
A drug that blocked ligand-gated ________ channels would prevent neuron ________.
-Na+; depolarization
-Na+; hyperpolarization
-K+; depolarization
-Ca2+; repolarization
Na+; depolarization
In order to prevent a patient from experiencing pain, local anesthetics must ________ in sensory neurons, which would prevent an action potential.
-bind to potassium channels
-inhibit the release of acetylcholine
-bind to sodium channels
-bind to calcium channels
bind to sodium channels
Botulism toxin prevents release of ACh, causing
-Flaccid paralysis
-Hemiplegia
-Spastic paralysis
-None of the choices are correct
Flaccid paralysis
Since the action potential “leaps” from node to node in a myelinated axon, ________.
-Na+ movement within the myelin sheath is possible
-Na+ channels are not present between the nodes
-action potentials move faster if the nodes are farther apart
-myelinated axons need far less Na+ channels than unmyelinated axons
Na+ channels are not present between the nodes
The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by___
-ependymal cells
-Schwann cells
-Oligodendrocytes
-leukocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Chemical synapses ________.
-have a delayed impulse transmission
-utilize gap junctions
-do not require the release of neurotransmitters
-occur when two nerve cells are in direct contact with each other
have a delayed impulse transmission
Degeneration of spinal motor neurons in adults may be due to a lack of ________ factor.
-brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF)
-nerve growth (NGF)
-glial-derived neurotrophic (GDNF)
-Neurotrophin-3
glial-derived neurotrophic (GDNF)
Neurotrophins are NOT responsible for ________.
-maintaining sympathetic ganglion
-sustaining neurons that use the neurotransmitter dopamine
-embryonic development of neurons
-regeneration of injured motor neurons
regeneration of injured motor neurons
Synaptic transmission using acetylcholine would be disrupted by ________.
-curare
-Both curare and botulinum toxin are correct.
-Strychnine
-Botulinum toxin
Both curare and botulinum toxin are correct.
Action potentials would be conducted most rapidly by ________.
-a 40 mm diameter unmyelinated axon
-a 10 mm diameter myelinated axon
-a 10 mm diameter unmyelinated axon
-a 40 mm diameter myelinated axon
a 40 mm diameter myelinated axon
If the binding of muscarine to its receptor in the heart causes the beta-gamma complex of the G-protein to bind to a K+ channel, ________.
-the K+ channel will open, leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition
-the K+ channel will close, leading to depolarization
-the K+ channel will open, leading to depolarization
-the K+ channel will close, leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition
the K+ channel will open, leading to hyperpolarization and inhibition
The blood-brain barrier results mostly from the action of ________, a type of neuroglia.
-ependymal cells
-oligodendrocytes
-microglia
-astrocytes
astrocytes
What is NOT true of conduction through dendrites and cell bodies of neurons?
-It generates action potentials in the cell body.
-It creates graded potentials.
-EPSPs can summate to reach threshold.
-It creates EPSPs
It generates action potentials in the cell body
If a cell’s membrane is not excitable, this means that ________.
-the cell is a neuron
-the cell cannot vary the permeability of the membrane to specific ions
-the cell does not have a measurable voltage
-the cell exhibit irritability
the cell cannot vary the permeability of the membrane to specific ions
What do muscarine and nicotine have in common?
-They are both agonists for their respective receptors.
-They are both always excitatory.
-They both activate-protein coupled channels.
-They are both antagonists for their respective receptors.
They are both agonists for their respective receptors.
Hyperpolarization in the postsynaptic cell is caused by___.
-Both inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and movement of K+ out of the cell are correct.
-Movement of K+ out of the cell
-Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
-Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Both inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and movement of K+ out of the cell are correct
During an action potential ________.
-Na+ influx causes depolarization
-K+ influx causes after-hyperpolarization
-Na+ efflux causes depolarization
-K+ influx causes repolarization
Na+ influx causes depolarization
Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid ________.
-alanine
-glycine
-tryptophan
-serine
tryptophan
Axonal transport ________.
-is a passive process
-can only transport signals in
a retrograde direction
-can occur in both an anterograde and retrograde direction
-has two fast and one slow components
can occur in both an anterograde and retrograde direction
What type of autonomic fibers release ACh at effectors?
-Sensory
-Parasympathetic
-Somatic
-Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Which of the following is NOT an action needed for glutamate to open ion channels?
-NMDA receptor must bind to glycine.
-The membrane must be partially depolarized from the action of a different neurotransmitter.
-Mg2+ is released from NMDA channel to open it.
-Cl- must pass through the open channel.
Cl- must pass through the open channel
Unlike chemical synapses, electrical synapses ________.
-provide adjacent cells with the ability to act in a coordinated fashion
-are not dependent on the movement of ions across a plasma membrane
-are the method of connection between adjacent neurons
-are the method of connection between adjacent neurons
provide adjacent cells with the ability to act in a coordinated fashion
