Unit 2 - AOS 2 - Food security

Question 1

Definition of food security

Answer 1

“When all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”.

Question 2

Dimensions of food security AAUS

Answer 2

1. availability of food
2. Accessibility (economically and physically)
3. Utilization (the way it used and assimilated by the human body)
4. Stability of these three dimensions

Question 3

Global hunger Index

Answer 3

GHI = tool to measure and track hunger a regional, national and global level.

Question 4

Four indicators to calculate GHI

Answer 4

1. UNDERNOURISHMENT: calorie intake
2. CHILD WASTING (acute undernourishment): children under 5yrs who are wasted (low weight for their height)
3. CHILD STUNTING (chronic undernourishment): children under 5yrs are stunted (low height for age)
4. CHILD MORTALITY: children under 5yrs in fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments

Question 5

How is GHI scored

Answer 5

Each four component indicators is given a standardized score on a 100 point scale based on highest observed level for the indicator on a global scale in recent decades.

Question 6

Factors that negatively influence food security

Answer 6

1. Conflict
2. Scarcity of arable land
3. Economic development
4. Population growth

Question 7

how does conflict (war) impact growth of food?

Answer 7

• War destroys farmland when it is bombed making it unusable and unsafe for crop growth
• Ammunition often contains poisons which destroy croplands

Question 8

How does conflict (war) impact access to food?

Answer 8

• Fighting for resources means there are those who have and those who have not
• How it can be harvested or transported to markets.

Question 9

Scarcity of arable land and how it impacts food security

Answer 9

“Arable land is land that can be used to cultivate crops or raise livestock”

Desertification reduces the amount of arable and we have access too (–> due to vegetation clearing & intensive farming of land)

Question 10

How does Economic development and Global population growth impact food security? (diet?)

Answer 10

Increasing populations means more food required.

-> as countries become more economically westernized = adopt western diet. (meats)

(as a result, increases deforestation and decreases arable land and biodiversity)

Question 11

How does climate change effect food security?

Answer 11

• Increase in temperature and extreme weather conditions impacts crops and livestock.
  (reduces food supply for people and livestock)