Lab 2

Question 1

Inorganic compounds/molecules

Answer 1

Lack carbon and are structurally simple.
Includes: water, salts, acids, bases

Question 2

Organic compounds/molecules

Answer 2

Always contain carbon and usually hydrogen. They are large molecules.

Includes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 3

Acid

Answer 3

A substance that will release H+ when dissolved in water. (Proton donors because it gives up a hydrogen proton)

Question 4

Bases

Answer 4

Will release OH- when dissolved in water. (Proton acceptors because they receive a hydrogen proton.)

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

The existence of a stable environment. Must be taken into account when referring to acids and bases in the body. (Very small amount of wiggle room for change)

Question 6

pH scale

Answer 6

Measures the concentration [] of hydrogen ions in a solutions.
Goes from 0-14

0 = acidic
7 = neutral
14 = basic

Question 7

Neutral red

Answer 7

A colour indicator used to test pH.

Neutral red remains red when added to a neutral solution (7).

Neutral red turns magenta/purple when added to a acidic solution (<7)

Neutral red turns yellow/orange when added to a basic solution (>7)

Question 8

Buffer

Answer 8

Resists large changes in pH by releasing hydrogen ions when the pH begins to rise, or binding hydrogen ions when pH begins to drop.

Ex. Antacids (tums)

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Classified by size using mono/di/poly-saccharides.
Function as a source of chemical energy for creating ATP.

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

Contain carbon, hydrogen, and small amount of oxygen. Insoluble in polar solvents (hydrophobic), but soluble in other lipids.

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

Contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. They are chains of amino acids joined my peptide bonds.

Can act as enzymes, form structural framework of tissues, or be membrane transporters.

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

Produces and assembles the cells ribosomes.

Question 13

Nuclear pore

Answer 13

A protein lined channel that provides access into the nucleus and out into the cytoplasm.

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Control centre of the cell. Stores DNA and facilitates its transcription and replication.

Question 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Has many ribosomes attached which synthesize proteins and transport those proteins for export to the golgi complex

Question 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

Lacks ribosomes.

Site of lipid and steroid synthesis. Is able to detoxify drugs

Question 17

Golgi apparatus

Answer 17

Receives proteins from the rough ER and modifies them if needs, then ships them for export whether in or outside of the cell.

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

Synthesis of ATP for metabolism done through cellular respiration

Question 19

Ribosome

Answer 19

The site of protein synthesis in the cell. Follows coded instructions from DNA in order to produce the proteins.

Question 20

Lysosome

Answer 20

Has digestive enzymes to digest substances invading the cell and old cellular debris that isn’t needed anymore.

Question 21

Plasma membrane

Answer 21

Provides protection for a cell, transports nutrients into the cell, and transports toxic substances out of the cell.

Made from phospholipids.

Question 22

Nuclear membrane

Answer 22

Protects the nucleus, keeps DNA separate from the rest of the cell, and manages what materials enter the nucleus .

Question 23

Centrosome

Answer 23

Will duplicate itself, and then divides itself into two centrosomes, going to opposite ends of the cell; helps in cell division

Question 24

Non membrane bound organelles

Answer 24

Ribosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton

Question 25

What does Benedict’s reagent search for?

Answer 25

Searches for carbohydrates, in this case the presence of sugars, specifically monosaccharides (such as glucose)

Colour change of green, orange or red = positive for presence of sugars

Remains blue = negative for presence of sugars

Question 26

What does iodine search for?

Answer 26

Searches for carbohydrates, specifically polysaccharides (such as starch)

Colour change of blue-black = positive for polysaccharide

Remains clear = negative for polysaccharide

Question 27

What does biuret solution search for?

Answer 27

Searches for presence of a protein.

Colour change of purple = positive for presence of protein

Remains clear = negative for presence of protein