Chapters 1 - 4

Question 1

What is the scientific method?

Answer 1

The scientific method is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena and acquire knowledge about the world.

Question 2

Given an observation of a natural phenomenon, name and describe the steps in the scientific method and indicate how it might be applied to this observation.

Answer 2

Scientific method steps: make an observation, create a hypothesis and conduct an experiment. Ex. I think water boils at 109F (observation). Water boils at 109F (hypothesis). I boiled water with a thermometer, it boils at 100 degrees (experiment).

Question 3

List the scientific method steps.

Answer 3

Observation, hypothesis, expierment

Question 4

Difference between quantitative and qualitative.

Answer 4

qualitative does no involve a number, quantitative involes and number/ and or a measurement

Question 5

Law vs. Theory

Answer 5

A law is tells us what happens and a theory is an attempt to explain why it happens

Question 6

If a theory is disproven does all the observation get disproven. Explain

Answer 6

No because theories can be refined and changed by preforming experiments and making new observations not by proving them false

Question 7

Theory

Answer 7

A tested set of hypotheses that interprets an explanation for something

Question 8

Law

Answer 8

A summary of observed (measurable) behaviour

Question 9

Chemisty

Answer 9

The study of the natural world around us.

Question 10

Define Isotope

Answer 10

An atom that has the same number of protons but different number of electrons

Question 11

5 postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Answer 11

1. Elements are tiny particles called atoms
2. All atoms of a given element are identical
3. All atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element
4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds
5. Atoms are indivisible. They cannot be destroyed or created in chemical reactions

Question 12

Alkali metals characteristic

Answer 12

Reactive, soft metals

Question 13

Alkaline earth metals characteristic

Answer 13

Hard metals

Question 14

Transition metals characteristic

Answer 14

They have variable properties

Question 15

Halogens characterisitc

Answer 15

coloured & reactive

Question 16

Noble gases characteristic

Answer 16

unreactive gases

Question 17

Mass number

Answer 17

The sum of protons and neutrons

Question 18

Atomic number

Answer 18

The # of protons

Question 19

Most elements exist at _____ temperature

Answer 19

room temperature

Question 20

What physical properties do metals have

Answer 20

Ductility, Malleability, shiny appearance

Question 21

All noble gases are gases at ____ temperature

Answer 21

room temperature

Question 22

What is a mixture?

Answer 22

Compounds that have atoms that bound together with atoms of different elements

Question 23

Name the 3 fundamental particles.

Answer 23

Proton(+), has 1 one charge, found in the nucleus, electron(-) has -1 charge, found in nucleus, neutron, neutral found orbiting nucleus

Question 24

if carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass of 12 how many neutrons does it have?

Answer 24

6. (atomic number - mass number)

Question 25

List the seven elements that exist as diatomic molecules.

Answer 25

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

Question 26

Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 1A (Alkali metals)

Answer 26

Cation (Positive ion), charge: +1

Question 27

Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals)

Answer 27

Cation (positive ion)
Charge: +2

Question 28

Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 3A (Metals Only - including Boron)

Answer 28

Cation (positive ion)
Charge: +3

Question 29

Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 5A (Non-Metals Only - Nitrogen Family)

Answer 29

Ion Name: Anion (negative ion)
Charge: -3

Question 30

Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 6A (Non-Metals Only - Oxygen Family)

Answer 30

Anion (negative ion)
Charge: -2

Question 31

Indicate the charge on the ions and the ions name formed from elements in group 7A (Non-Metals Only - Halogens)

Answer 31

Anion (negative ion)
Charge: -1

Question 32

Define Cation

Answer 32

positive ion

Question 33

Define Ion

Answer 33

a charged entity

Question 34

List the two types of ions

Answer 34

Cation and Anions

Question 35

Define anion

Answer 35

negative ion

Question 36

Why does a measurement have some uncertainty

Answer 36

Because measurements are an estimate

Question 37

Name 2 types of matter

Answer 37

Pure substances and mixtures

Question 38

Name 2 types of mixtures

Answer 38

Homogeneous and heterogeneous

Question 39

A physical change is a

Answer 39

non permanent change

Question 40

A chemical change is a

Answer 40

Permanent change