Diverisity and Genetics

Question 1

1684: first article to mention ___ in a scientific journal to classify people.
1700s: ___ ____: attempts to scientifically categorize people

Answer 1

Race
Racial taxonomy

Question 2

1780s: ____ ___: Caucasian, Mongoloid, aethiopian, American, and Malayan.
By the 1800s: numerous scientific theories abounded such as The curse of ____ and _____ versus _____.

Answer 2

Blumenbach’s taxonomy
Cain
Monogenism vs polygenism

Question 3

1800s: rise of ____ ____: movement from taxonomy to biology. Race becomes a valid scientific ceremony that can be used to explain and predict individual and group behavior

Answer 3

Racial anthropology

Question 4

First enslaved Africans arrive in America in ____. There were other forms of coerced labor at that time. Alavert was not ____ at this time and there was a possibility of freedom .

Answer 4

1619
Hereditary

Question 5

By 1700, slavery was legal, ____, and ___-___. It was reserved for persons of African descent.

Answer 5

Hereditary
Life-long

Question 6

In the U.S., race is uniquely linked to enslavement of west African people and the maintain e of hierarchy ___. Treating race as biology was a “____ ____” for slavery in a society that claimed equality as its most cherished ideal.

Answer 6

Power
Moral apology

Question 7

Race is the product of ____. Racism is not the product of ____.

Answer 7

Racism
Race

Question 8

Race is a means of creating and enforcing ___ ___, a lens through which differential opportunity and inequality are structured

Answer 8

Social order

Question 9

In 1906, the first eugenics organization formed in the United States called ____ ____ of the ____ ____ ____ (ABA)

Answer 9

Eugenics Committee of the American Breeder’s Association

Question 10

Three tenants of the Eugenics movement:

Answer 10

Sterilization, marriage control, and immigration control

Question 11

Research and science were used to justify the ____ of certain groups of unwanted persons in society.

Answer 11

Unfitness

Question 12

How did race and genetics get tangled up?

Question 13

Genomes can differ due to multiple factors but humans are ____% identical to each other.

Answer 13

99.9

Question 14

Reproduction, migration, random fluctuations all contribute to different ___.

Answer 14

Genomes

Question 15

Theories of genetics underlying race: pre-data

Answer 15

What the genetic diversity data actually show us

Question 16

There are patterns of variants being seen together, usually consequences of human reproduction. We inherit sequenced together in ____. Patterns of certain nucleotide sequences tend to be seen with ___ ___. Combinations of ____ genome wide can indeed identify ___.

Answer 16

Blocks
Shared ancestry
Alleles
Ancestry

Question 17

PCA plot:

Answer 17

Question 18

Genomic clusters:

Answer 18

Question 19

Genomic ancestry clusters depend on your ___. Genomics show wide diversity within ____.

Answer 19

Data
Races

Question 20

Todays current database: ____. It uses 240 million generic variants. 141,456 unrelated individuals.

Answer 20

gnomAD

Question 21

____ = human heredity and health in Africa. Sites require ___ leadership. 426 genome sequences. 50 ethnolinguistic groups. >3 million novel single nucleotide variants.

Answer 21

H3 Africa
Local

Question 22

Inclusion of ____ populations improves the yield from genomic studies

Answer 22

Diverse

Question 23

Takeaways:

Answer 23

Question 24

Race based versus race conscious:

Answer 24

Question 25

Racial essentialism:

Answer 25