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Micro Final Exam > Week 6: GI and Urogenital Diseases > Flashcards

Week 6: GI and Urogenital Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which species is not associated with NGU?

a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Mycoplasma hominis
c. Chlamydia trachomatis
d. Mycoplasma genitalium

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

A strain of bacteria associated with a bladder infection shows gram-negative rods. What species is most likely to be the causative agent?

a. Mycoplasma hominis
b. Escherichia coli
c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d. Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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3
Q

Treponemal and non-treponemal serological testing can be used to test for

a. vaginosis.
b. chlamydia.
c. syphilis.
d. gonorrhea.

A

Syphillis

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4
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by serovars of

a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
b. Chlamydia trachomatis.
c. Treponema pallidum.
d. Haemophilis ducreyi.

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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5
Q

The latent stage of syphilis, which may last for years, can occur between

a. the secondary and tertiary stages.
b. the primary and secondary stages.
c. initial infection and the primary stage.
d. any of the three stages.

A

Secondary and Tertiary stages

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6
Q

Based on its spirochete shape, which microbe is this?

a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. Treponema pallidum
d. Haemophilis ducreyi

A

Treponema pallidum

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7
Q

Genital herpes is most commonly caused by

a. herpes simplex virus 1.
b. varicella-zoster virus.
c. herpes simplex virus 2.
d. cytomegalovirus.

A

Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2)

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8
Q

Koilocytes are characteristic of

a. cells infected with human papillomavirus
b. cells infected with herpes simplex virus 2
c. cells infected with all forms of herpesviruses
d. cervical cancer cells

A

Cells infected with human papillomavirus

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9
Q

Which oral medication is recommended as an initial topical treatment for genital yeast infections?

a. penicillin
b. acyclovir
c. fluconazole
d. miconazole

A

Miconazole

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10
Q

What is the only common infection of the reproductive tract caused by a protozoan?

a. gonorrhea
b. chlamydia
c. trichomoniasis
d. candidiasis

A

Trichomoniasis

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11
Q

Which test is preferred for detecting T. vaginalis because of its high sensitivity?

a. NAAT
b. wet mounts
c. Pap tests
d. all of the above are equally good

A

NAAT

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12
Q

The genus of bacteria found in the vagina that is important in maintaining a healthy environment, including an acidic pH, is _____.

A

Lactobacillus

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13
Q

Pyelonephritis is a potentially severe infection of the _____.

A

Kidneys

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14
Q

Soft chancres on the genitals are characteristic of the sexually transmitted disease known as _____.

A

Chancroid

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15
Q

Condylomata are _____.

A

Warts

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16
Q

The most common Candida species associated with yeast infections is _____.

A

Candida albicans

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17
Q

Trichomoniasis is caused by _____.

A

Vaginosis

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18
Q

Which type of E. coli infection can be severe with life-threatening consequences such as hemolytic uremic syndrome?

a. ETEC
b. EPEC
c. EHEC
d. EIEC

A

EHEC

(oh heck no)

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19
Q

Which species of Shigella has a type that produces Shiga toxin?

a. S. boydii
b. S. flexneri
c. S. dysenteriae
d. S. sonnei

A

S. dysenteriae

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20
Q

Which type of bacterium produces an A-B toxin?

a. Salmonella
b. Vibrio cholera
c. ETEC
d. Shigella dysenteriae

A

Vibrio cholera

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21
Q

Which form of hepatitisvirus can only infect an individual who is already infected with another hepatitisvirus?

a. HDV
b. HAV
c. HBV
d. HEV

A

Hep-D

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22
Q

Which cause of viral gastroenteritis commonly causes projectile vomiting?

a. hepatitisvirus
b. Astroviruses
c. Rotavirus
d. Noroviruses

A

Noroviruses

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23
Q

Which protozoan is associated with the ability to cause severe dysentery?

a. Giardia lamblia
b. Cryptosporidium hominis
c. Cyclospora cayetanesis
d. Entamoeba histolytica

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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24
Q

Which protozoan has a unique appearance, with a blue halo, when viewed using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy?

a. Giardia lamblia
b. Cryptosporidium hominis
c. Cyclospora cayetanesis
d. Entamoeba histolytica

A

Cyclospora cayetanesis

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25
Q

What is another name for Trichuris trichiura?

a. pinworm
b. whipworm
c. hookworm
d. ascariasis

A

Whipworm

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26
Q

Which type of helminth infection can be diagnosed using tape?

a. pinworm
b. whipworm
c. hookworm
d. tapeworm

A

Pinworm

27
Q

Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis is caused by _________.

A

Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

28
Q

Jaundice results from a buildup of _________.

A

Bilirubin

29
Q

Chronic _________ infections cause the unique sign of disease of greasy stool and are often resistant to treatment.

A

Giardia

30
Q

Liver flukes are often found in the _________ duct.

A

Bile

31
Q

What are the two most common causative agents of pelvic inflammatory disease?

a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
b. Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli
c. Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris
d. Group B Streptococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

32
Q

If a urinary dipstick shows the presence of nitrite, which bacteria would most likely be present because of their ability to convert nitrate to nitrite?

a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d. Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

33
Q

Which symptom is not commonly associated with chronic gonorrhea in those with female anatomy?

a. amenorrhea (lack of menstruation)
b. increased menstrual flow
c. pelvic pain
d. vaginal discharge

A

Amenorrhea, lack of menstruation

34
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is found as which of the following?

a. a cyst only
b. a trophozoite only
c. an intracellular parasite only
d. a trophozoite or as a cyst

A

A trophozoite only

35
Q

NAAT testing is preferred over evaluation of wet mounts for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis because NAAT is which of the following?

a. less expensive than using wet mounts
b. less likely to cause adverse effects to the patient than are wet mounts
c. more convenient than using wet mounts
d. more sensitive than using wet mounts

A

More sensitive than using wet mounts

36
Q

There is no conclusive way to determine whether an individual has candidiasis because Candida is found in the normal microbiota.

a. True
b. False

A

False

37
Q

____ inflammation of the kidney

A

Pyelonephritis

38
Q

____ testing from a sample obtained during a Pap smear with LBC

a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis

A

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

39
Q

Shigellosis is also known as:

a. typhoid fever
b. bacillary dysentery
c. salmonellosis
d. amoebic dysentery

A

Bacillary dysentery

40
Q

Which group contains the most dangerous E. coli strains for causing gastrointestinal illness?

a. EPEC
b. EIEC
c. EHEC
d. ETEC

A

EHEC

41
Q

Which is true about treatment for ETEC?

a. Antibiotics are not recommended, although supportive therapy may be helpful.
b. Antibiotic treatment should be avoided because it increases the risk of HUS, although supportive therapy may be helpful.
c. Fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin are recommended in most cases.
d. It is usually self-limiting, although medications such as fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, TMP/SMZ, and rifamixin can be used.

A

It is usually self-limiting, although antibiotics can be used.

42
Q

_____ inflammation of the colon

A

Colitis

43
Q

_____ inflammation of both the stomach and the intestinal mucosa

A

Gastroenteritis

44
Q

_____ inflammation of the intestinal mucosa

A

Enteritis

45
Q

_____ inflammation of the stomach

A

Gastritis

46
Q

_____ inflammation of the liver

A

Hepatitis

47
Q

____ inflammation of the fallopian tubes

A

Salpingitis

48
Q

____ inflammation of the testicle

A

Orchiditis

49
Q

____ inflammation of the bladder

A

Cystitis

50
Q

____ inflammation of the urethra

A

Urethritis

51
Q

____ wet mounts, NAATs, Affirm VPII Microbial Identification Test, and OSOM Rapid Test

a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis

A

Trichomoniasis

52
Q

____ vaginal smear with DNA probe, sialidase assay, and Gram staining; use of Amsel’s diagnostic criteria

a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis

A

Bacterial vaginosis

53
Q

____ culture from lesions, immunostaining of cultures, PCR, or ELISA; PCR is especially valuable for systemic infections

a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis

A

Herpes

54
Q

Which of the following STIs is caused by a protozoan?

a. trichomoniasis
b. herpes
c. chlamydia
d. genital warts

A

Trichomoniasis

55
Q

HPV is extremely common and can be associated with genital warts, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, and anal cancer. How can it be so common with many infected people not realizing they have been infected?

a. Infections generally produce variable symptoms and are difficult to diagnose, even when suspected.
b. Infections are often asymptomatic although they generally persist throughout life.
c. Infections are often asymptomatic and clear without treatment.
d. Infections generally cause mild symptoms although they generally persist throughout life.

A

Infections are often asymptomatic and clear without treatment

56
Q

All HPV strains are associated with both genital warts and cervical cancer.

a. True
b. False

A

False

57
Q

Candida albicans is a _____ infection

a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial

A

Fungal

58
Q

Candida albicans is considered an opportunistic pathogen because

a. it is part of the normal microbiome
b. it only causes disease in severely immunocompromised patients
c. it always causes disease in healthy individuals
d. it only causes disease through fecal oral transmission

A

It is part of the normal microbiome

59
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about Clostridium difficile?

a. It is not capable of forming endospores.
b. It is common in normal human gastrointestinal microbiota.
c. It can cause the development of pseudomembranous colitis.
d. It is a serious cause of nosocomial infections and can develop in association with antibiotic use.

A

FALSE: It is not capable of forming endospores.

60
Q

Which of the following is a common symptom of all the hepatitis viruses?

a. development of hepatocellular carcinoma
b. the appearance of jaundice
c. nausea and vomiting
d. dark and bloody stool

A

The appearance of jaundice

61
Q

Herpes can be passed from mother to fetus, causing neonatal herpes.

a. True
b. False

A

True

62
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis is a _____ infection

a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial

A

Bacterial

63
Q

HSV-2 is a _____ infection

a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial

A

Viral

64
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is _____

a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial

A

Protozoal

Micro Final Exam (3 decks)

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