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ANAPHYSIO > Special Sense Extra > Flashcards

Special Sense Extra Flashcards

1
Q

What microscopic structure that Bare dendrites associated with pain, thermal, tickle, itch, and some touch sensations?

A

Free nerve endings (nonencapsulated)

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2
Q

What microscopic structure that Dendrites enclosed in connective tissue capsule for pressure, vibration, and some touch sensations?

A

Encapsulated nerve endings

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3
Q

What microscopic structure that Receptor cells synapse with first-order sensory neurons; located in retina of eye, inner ear, and taste buds of tongue?

A

Separate cells

What microscopic structure that Receptor cells synapse with first-order sensory neurons; located in retina of eye (photoreceptors), inner ear (hair cells), and taste buds of tongue (gustatory receptor cells).

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4
Q

Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located at or near body surface; sensitive to stimuli originating outside body; provide information about external environment; convey visual, smell, taste, touch, pressure, vibration, thermal, and pain sensations?

A

Exteroceptors

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5
Q

Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located in blood vessels, visceral organs, and nervous system; provide information about internal environment; impulses usually are not consciously perceived but occasionally may be felt as pain or pressure.

A

Interoceptors

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6
Q

Which receptor location and activating stimuli is located in muscles, tendons, joints, and inner ear; provide information about body position, muscle length and tension, position and motion of joints, and equilibrium?

A

Proprioceptors

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7
Q

What type of stimulus detect mechanical stimuli; provide sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, and hearing and equilibrium; also monitor stretching of blood vessels and internal organs?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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8
Q

What type of stimulus detect changes in temperature?

A

Thermoreceptors

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9
Q

What type of stimulus Respond to painful stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue?

A

Nociceptors

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10
Q

What type of stimulus detect light that strikes the retina of the eye?

A

Photoreceptors

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11
Q

What type of stimulus detect chemicals in mouth, nose, and body fluids?

A

Chemoreceptors

What type of stimulus detect chemicals in mouth (taste), nose (smell), and body fluids?

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12
Q

What type of stimulus has a sense osmotic pressure of body fluids?

A

Osmoreceptors

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13
Q

Capsule surrounds mass of dendrites in dermal papillae of hairless skin.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles)
Sensation: Onset of touch and low- frequency vibrations.
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

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14
Q

Free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles in skin.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Hair root plexuses
Sensation: Movements on skin surface that disturb hairs
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

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15
Q

Saucer-shaped free nerve endings make contact with tactile epithelial cells in epidermis.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (tactile discs)
Sensation: Continuous touch and pressure
Adaptation Rate: Slow

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16
Q

Elongated capsule surrounds dendrites deep in dermis and in ligaments and tendons.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Ruffini corpuscles)
Sensation: Skin stretching and pressure
Adaptation Rate: Slow

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17
Q

Oval, layered capsule surrounds dendrites; present in dermis and subcutaneous layer, submucosal tissues, joints, periosteum, and some viscera.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles
Sensation: High-frequency vibrations
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

18
Q

Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Itch and tickle receptors
Sensation: Itching and tickling.
Adaptation Rate: Both slow and rapid.

19
Q

Free nerve endings in skin and mucous membranes of mouth, vagina, and anus.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Warm receptors
and cold receptors
Sensation: Warmth or cold
Adaptation Rate: Initially rapid, then slow

20
Q

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Free nerve endings in every body tissue except brain.

A

Receptor Type: Nociceptors
Sensation: Pain
Adaptation Rate: Slow

21
Q

Sensory nerve endings wrap around central area of encapsulated intrafusal muscle fibers within most skeletal muscles.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Muscle spindles
Sensation: Muscle length
Adaptation Rate: Slow

22
Q

Capsule encloses collagen fibers and sensory nerve endings at junction of tendon and muscle.

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

A

Receptor Type: Tendon organs
Sensation: Muscle tension
Adaptation Rate: Slow

23
Q

What is the receptor type, sensation & adaptation rate?

Lamellated corpuscles, type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors, tendon organs, and free nerve endings

A

Receptor Type: Joint kinesthetic receptors
Sensation: Joint position and movement
Adaptation Rate: Rapid

24
Q

What fibrous tunic admits and refracts light?

A

Cornea

Refracts(bends)

25
Q

What fibrous tunic provides shape and protects inner parts?

A

Sclera

26
Q

What vascular tunic regulates amount of light that enters eyeball?

A

Iris

27
Q

What vascular tunic secretes aqueous humor and alters shape of lens for near or far vision?

A

Ciliary body

(Accomodation)

28
Q

What vascular tunic provides blood supply and absorbs scattered light?

A

Choroid

29
Q

What receives light and converts it into receptor potentials and nerve impulses. Output to brain via axons of ganglion cells, which form CN2

A

Retina

30
Q

What Refracts light?

A

Lens

31
Q

What contains aqueous humor that helps maintain shape of eyeball and supplies oxygen and nutrients to lens and cornea?

A

Anterior cavity

32
Q

What contains vitreous body that helps maintain shape of eyeball and keeps retina attached to choroid?

A

Vitreous chamber

33
Q

What is the term in the external ear that collects sound waves?

A

Auricle (pinna)

34
Q

What is the term in the external ear that directs sound waves to eardrum?

A

External auditory canal (external auditory meatus)

35
Q

What is the term in the external ear that sound waves cause it to vibrate, which in turn causes malleus to vibrate?

A

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

36
Q

What is the term in the middle ear that transmit and amplify vibrations from tympanic membrane to oval window?

A

Auditory ossicles

37
Q

What is the term in the middle ear that Equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane.

A

Auditory tube (eustachian tube)

38
Q

What is the term in the internal ear that Contains a series of fluids, channels, and membranes that transmit vibrations to spiral organ, the organ of hearing; hair cells in spiral organ produce receptor potentials, which elicit nerve impulses in cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

A

Cochlea:

39
Q

What is the term in the internal ear that Includes semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule, which generate nerve impulses that propagate along vestibular branch of vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

A

Vestibular apparatus

40
Q

What is the term in the internal ear that detect rotational acceleration or deceleration.

A

Semicircular ducts

41
Q

What is the term in the internal ear that detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a horizontal direction and also head tilt?

A

Utricle

42
Q

What is the term in the internal ear that detects linear acceleration or deceleration that occurs in a vertical direction?

A

Saccule

ANAPHYSIO (27 decks)

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