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HUMANITIES 101 > Chapter 1 - First civilization > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - First civilization Flashcards

1
Q

Tools discovered that date to the Paleolithic period revolve around what activity?

A

Hunting

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2
Q

The emergence of Neolithic culture occurred when people began what activity?

A

Farming

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3
Q

To Neolithic farmers, which of the following was associated with the cycle of the seasons

A

Death, Regeneration and Birth

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4
Q

The birth of civilization marked the shift from rural to ______ culture.

A

Urban

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5
Q

The use of pictographs as a form of writing dates as far back as ______ B.C.E.

A

3100 B.C.E.

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6
Q

What is considered the landmark event of Paleolithic culture?

A

Making tools and weapons

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7
Q

The technology for producing ___, a strong metal alloy of copper and tin, was an important development in the birth of civilization.

A

Bronze

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8
Q

The production of food through ______ freed people from the nomadic way of life associated with hunting and gathering.

A

farming

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9
Q

Some Neolithic peoples marked their graves with megaliths, or large ______.

A

stone slabs

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10
Q

Which of the following were associated with the shift from rural to urban culture in the earliest civilizations?

A

Trade involving surplus food and goods, Advances in technology and Growing Populations

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11
Q

Which offers visual evidence of the social order in ancient Mesopotamia?

A

The Standard of Ur

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12
Q

Which of the following was a form of writing that consisted of wedge shapes inscribed on clay tablets?

A

Cuneiform

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13
Q

What Bronze Age technology afforded individuals greater control over nature?

A

Metallurgy

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14
Q

Reflecting the Blank______ of the region, the Mesopotamian deities were fierce and capricious.

A

climate

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15
Q

The emergence of Neolithic culture occurred when people began what activity?

A

Farming

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16
Q

What encouraged the development of social classes in ancient Mesopotamia?

A

Specialization of labor

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17
Q

What encouraged the development of social classes in ancient Mesopotamia?

A

The Babylonian Creation

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18
Q

The massive terraced tower called a ziggurat was designed to look like a ______ that would bring the people of Sumer and Babylonia closer to heaven.

A

mountain

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19
Q

Which central motifs are featured in the Epic of Gilgamesh?

A

Human vulnerability and Immortality

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20
Q

What is the Code of Hammurabi?

A

The consolidated body of law from all parts of the Babylonian Empire

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21
Q

The _____, a massive terraced tower made of rubble and brick, was the spiritual center of the Mesopotamian city-state.

A

ziggurat

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22
Q

What is an epic?

A

A narrative poem about a hero’s quest

23
Q

The combination of war chariots and which type of weapons gave Hittites military superiority in Mesopotamia during the second millennium B.C.E.?

A

iron

24
Q

Which of the following are associated with the introduction of iron technology in the ancient world?

A

Larger, more efficient armies; Larger, more efficient armies and Cheaper and stronger weapons

25
Q

Since it is a very comprehensive collection of laws, the Code of Blank______ offers enormous insight into life in ancient Mesopotamia.

A

Hammurabi

26
Q

Which of the following describes the cosmological origins of early Mesopotamia?

A

The Babylonian Creation

27
Q

Which of the following is a reason the Persian Empire is referred to as the first multicultural civilization of the ancient world?

A

Its extensive linguistic and ethnic diversity

28
Q

In the most fundamental sense, the Iron Age represented a key change in ______ for Mesopotamia.

A

technology

29
Q

Which geographical feature is most prominent in the emergence of ancient Egyptian civilization?

A

The Nile River

30
Q

Due to the cheapness and superiority of iron weapons, armies were able to expand and control territories outside of their own natural boundaries, a practice known as ______.

A

imperialism

31
Q

Which elements formed the basis of the ancient Egyptian cosmology?

A

The Nile, The flat topography and The Sun

32
Q

The ancient Egyptian political system, in which political power is linked with spiritual power, is called

A

Theocracy

33
Q

Who was Nefertiti in relation to Akhenaten, the pharaoh?

A

His chief wife

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of the Persian empire?

A

A polytheistic religion

35
Q

Which of the following can be said of the land in ancient Egyptian beliefs?

A

It was owned by the gods, It was considered sacred and It was considered sacred.

36
Q

Which God held the place of honor in ancient Egypt?

A

The Sun God

37
Q

In ancient Egypt, what was seen as the monarch’s source of political power?

A

His spiritual power

38
Q

The man in this fresco shown is portrayed as much larger than his daughter (who is between his legs) and his wife (to his right) because of ancient Egyptian conventions related to what element?

A

Hierarchy

39
Q

In the temples of the New Kingdom, what did pylons symbolize?

A

The mountains at the edge of the world

40
Q

Which label describes the divinely sanctioned way of life in ancient Egypt?

A

Theocratic socialism

41
Q

In ancient Egypt, what was the job of the scribe?

A

To keep written records

42
Q

What was the ancient Nok culture of western Sudan known for?

A

Its monumental architecture

43
Q

What was a primary purpose of ancient Egyptian art?

A

To honor the dead

44
Q

According to recent archeological excavations, the Americas had civilizations as old or older than the Egyptian pyramids.

A

True
Reason: Correct. New research indicates sites in Peru dating to 3500–2600 B.C.E.

45
Q

Which activities took place in the Egyptian temples of the New Kingdom?

A

Rituals performed by priests, Rituals that celebrated regeneration and Rituals that celebrated the solar cycle

46
Q

What is India’s classical language, used to write epics such the Mahabharata and the Ramayana?

A

Sanskrit

47
Q

Why are the terracotta Nok heads of western Sudan considered significant?

A

They are the earliest known three-dimensional artworks of sub-Saharan Africa.

48
Q

They are the earliest known three-dimensional artworks of sub-Saharan Africa.

A

The mountains at the edge of the world

49
Q

India’s oldest devotional texts, which contain stories of Indian mythology and sacred hymns, are known as the

A

Vedas

50
Q

Which are the fundamental aspects of Hindu belief?

A

An all-pervasive Spirit and Multiple deities

51
Q

What are the characteristics of the Dao?

A

Harmony with nature, The unifying force underlying nature’s multiplicity and The wellspring of yin and yang

52
Q

Hinduism is best described as ______, the belief that divinity is present in all things.

A

pantheistic

53
Q

Attributed to Lao Zi, the ______ is the most popular Daoist text and has influence nearly every aspect of Chinese culture.

A

Dao de jing

HUMANITIES 101 (6 decks)

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