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Mercy CLS 5: Chemistry > 18) Automation > Flashcards

18) Automation Flashcards

1
Q

Use of LIS was a ….. seen when laboratory results were manually transcribed.

A

decrease in the expected 5% transcription error rate

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2
Q

examples of demands that drive automation

A
  • Decreased turnaround times (TATs)
  • CLS staff shortages
  • Economic factors
  • Less maintenance
  • Less down time
  • Faster startup times
  • 24/7 uptime
  • Increased throughput
  • Environmental concerns such as biohazard risks
  • Computer & software technology
  • Primary tube sampling
  • Increased number of different analytes on one system
  • Increased number of different methods on one system
  • Reduced lab errors
  • Improved safety of CLS
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3
Q

Samples and reagents are pumped continuously through a system of modules interconnected by tubing

A

continuous-flow analysis

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4
Q

Number of tests performed per hour

A

specimen throughput

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5
Q

Measures only the test requested on a sample

A

discrete testing

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6
Q

A group of samples is prepared for analysis. A single test is performed on each sample in the group.

A

batch analysis

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7
Q

Measure any specimen by a command to the processing systems. Analyze the specimen by any available process.

A

random-access testing

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8
Q

methods to transport specimens

A

Human carriers or runners
Pneumatic-tube delivery systems
Electric-track-driven vehicles
Mobile robots
Conveyors or track systems

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9
Q

A designated area in which a limited number of specific tasks are completed

A

workstation

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10
Q

Represents the most cost-effective automation strategies for the clinical laboratory

A

Automated Specimen Processing/front-end sample processing

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11
Q

2 goals of automated specimen processing

A
  1. Minimize non-value-added steps in the laboratory process
  2. Increase available time for value-added steps in the tasks that the tech performs
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12
Q

2 important features of sample introduction probes

A
  • clot detection
  • liquid-level sensing
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13
Q

how does liquid level sensing work?

A

Measures the electrical capacitance of the surrounding area

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14
Q

ways to reduce carryover

A
  • Aspirating a wash solution in between each pipetting,
  • Back flushing the probe using a wash solution
  • Using disposable plastic pipette tips to transfer samples
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15
Q

Only enough reagent for a single test

A

unit test reagents

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16
Q

most labs use ——- reagents

A

bulk

17
Q

Reagents other than the manufacturer’s reagents can be used.

A

Open-reagent analyzer

18
Q

Operator can only use the instrument manufacturer’s reagents.

A

Closed-reagent analyzer

19
Q

types of automated mixing

A

Magnetic stirring
Rotating paddles
Forceful dispensing
Use of ultrasonic energy
Vigorous lateral displacement

20
Q

….do not require mixing of sample and reagents

A

Dry-slide analyzers

21
Q

In automated analyzers, —————- remains the principal means of measuring a wide variety of compounds.

A

absorption spectroscopy

22
Q

Involves conversion of an analog signal derived from the detector to a digital signal usable by all communication devices

A

signal processing

23
Q

Data processing by computers includes…

A

Data acquisition
Calculations
Monitoring and displaying data

24
Q

Refers to combination of pre-analytical components, intra-analytical components, and post-analytical components interconnected together

A

Total laboratory automation (TLA)

25
Q

advantages of total lab automation

A
  • Decrease in labeling errors
  • Reduced turnaround times
  • Potential reduction in full-time equivalents (FTEs)
26
Q

drawbacks of total lab automation

A
  • Needs for substantial financial investment
  • Increased floor space
  • Highly technical CLS to operate and troubleshoot the system
  • Infrastructure remodeling
  • Software interfacing
  • Doesn’t allow STAT samples to interrupt workflow
  • Airflow — instruments create a lot of heat
27
Q

Provide a more attractive approach for hospital laboratories and physician group laboratories because the systems are smaller, require less initial capital investment, and require less planning

A

Integrated modular systems

28
Q

Combination of a specimen manager with instruments or consolidated instruments of chemistry and immunoassay reagents

A

work cells

29
Q

Mechanical device that allows the storage and buffering of specimens before and after analysis and may include pre and post-analytical specimen-processing capabilities such as centrifugation and decapping

A

Specimen manager

30
Q

The instruments used are designed to interface directly with the specimen manager

A

modular work cells

31
Q

Advantages of integrated modular systems over single-batch, discrete analyzers.

A
  • multiple platform analysis,
  • incorporation of multiple numbers of similar analyzers, and
  • inclusion of preanalytical modules.
32
Q

Trend to integrate several modules into one continuous system that will allow the user to assay photometric, immunoassay, and electrochemical assays

A

fully integrated systems

33
Q

5 types of detectors used in automated chem analyzers

A
  • photometers,
  • ion-selective electrodes,
  • nephelometers,
  • fluorometers, and
  • luminometers (for chemiluminescence).
34
Q

Described as a group of microprocessors and computers connected together to provide management and processing of information

A

LIS

35
Q

A U-Connector uses intelligent sample management and tube-presorting capabilities.

A

instrument connectors

36
Q

Software that allows a laboratory to:

Connect its existing LIS and instrumentation to facilitate automating information

Perform tasks not currently done with the laboratory’s existing hardware and software

A

middleware

37
Q

Connecting computers to other computers or instruments

A

interfacing

38
Q

Two modes of transmission with LIS

A

Unidirectional interface: Only transmits or uploads results to the LIS

Bidirectional interface: Simultaneously transmit or download info to and receive uploaded info from the instrument

Mercy CLS 5: Chemistry (24 decks)

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