Exam 3: Fluid and Electrolyte

Question 1

Fluid needs during fever

Answer 1

Add an additional 7ml/kg/hr for ever degree above 38ºC

Question 2

Isotonic dehydration

Answer 2

Equal losses of water and solution

Question 3

Hypotonic

Answer 3

Loss of more sodium than solute (<130 meq/L)

Question 4

Hypertonic

Answer 4

Sodium level greater than 150, more water loss than sodium loss

Question 5

Assessment for dehydration

Answer 5

Projectile, non-bilious emesis
Weight
VS & CRF
Measure fluid intake and all losses
Frequency, amount, characteristics of stool
Urine output and specific gravity (1.003 sg)
Lab values
Fontanelle
Skin turgor

Question 6

Parenteral rehydration

Answer 6

Initially isotonic solution 20ml/kkg bolus over 20 minutes
No K added until urine output is adequate
Electrolytes and glucose added

Question 7

Intraosseous therapy

Answer 7

Intraosseous needled placed for emergency vascular access