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Veterinary Disease Test #2 > Lecture 12 +13 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 +13 Flashcards

1
Q

“new” growth- uncontrolled

A

Neoplasm

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2
Q

The study of neoplasms and neoplasia

A

Oncology

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3
Q

Any malignant neoplastic disease

A

Cancer

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4
Q

Any 3 dimensional swelling, lump, or bump

A

Tumor

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5
Q

Increase in the number of cells in response to a stimulus

A

Hyperplasia

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6
Q

Change in cell type- may become neoplastic; reversable

A

Metaplasia

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7
Q

Abnormal tissue development; not reversable

A

Dysplasia

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8
Q

Provides information about tissue architecture

A

Histology

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9
Q

Neoplasia that is locally confined abnormal growth that may compress local or adjacent structures but does not invade

A

Benign

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10
Q

Abnormally proliferating cells that are: locally invasive and undergo destructive growth

A

Malignant

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11
Q

Gets into the blood stream and travels to different places

A

Metastasizing

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12
Q

Metastasis may occur by 4 major routes: lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, local invasion, and ______ _____

A

Direct transplantation

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13
Q

Cells that leave must be able to detach from the tumor/mass. Some tumors exfoliate well and some do not; first step of the metastatic cascade

A

Detachment

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14
Q

Entrance into vasculature/lymphatic system. Once tumor cells detach, they find a way to enter the blood or lymphatic circulation; second step of the metastatic cascade

A

Invasion

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15
Q

Tumors need to withstand the assault from the body’s immune system, especially in lymph nodes; third step of the metastatic cascade

A

Evasion of Host Defenses

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16
Q

Come to rest in blood vessels and capillaries of various organs, may be covered by platelets which temporarily protect them; forth step of the metastatic cascade

A

Arrest

17
Q

Cells invade the walls of lymphatics and vascular endothelium, squeezes through via production of proteolytic enzymes; fifth step of the metastatic cascade

A

Attachment and Extravasion

18
Q

Cell survival; the last step of the metastatic cascade

A

New growth

19
Q

New blood supply, formation of new vessels

A

Angiogenesis

20
Q

True or false: tumors can cause distant changes in the structure and function that may be unrelated to the tumor itself but can be related to metastasis

A

True

21
Q

Muscle wasting is often coupled with ______ and metabolic changes persist

A

Anorexia

22
Q

Originate from glands, lungs, skin, and epithelium

A

Epithelial tumors

23
Q

Originate from connective tissue, bone, cartilage, muscle, nervous tissue, and fat

A

Mesenchymal tumors

24
Q

Originate from blood

A

Hematopoietic tumors

25
Q

Originate from sex organs

A

Gonadal tumors

26
Q

What are benign epithelial tumors known as? What are some examples?

A

“Omas” Ex. Adenoma, papilloma, epithelioma

27
Q

What are benign mesenchymal tumors known as? What are some examples?

A

“Omas” Ex. Osteoma, rhabdomyoma, hemangioma, fibroma, lipoma

28
Q

What are malignant epithelial tumors known as? What are examples?

A

“Carcinomas” Ex. Mammary adenocarcinoma, SCC, TCC

29
Q

What are malignant mesenchymal tumors known as? What are examples?

A

“Sarcomas” Ex. Fibrosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Osteosarcoma

30
Q

True or false: melansarcoma breaks the rule and is actually a benign melanoma

A

False; Melanoma is actually a malignant melanoma, Lymphoma also breaks this rule

31
Q

Leukemia

A

Bone marrow produces abnormal WBC; lymphoblastic

32
Q

Different sizes of cells; first criteria for malignancy

A

Anisocytosis

33
Q

Nuclei are large compared to normal; second criteria for malignancy

A

Macrokaryosis

34
Q

Nuclei are different sizes; third criteria for malignancy

A

Anisokaryosis

35
Q

Cell that contains more than one nucleus; forth criteria for malignancy

A

Multinucleation

36
Q

Excess amounts of abnormal cells; fifth criteria for malignancy

A

Hypercellularity

37
Q

Uncontrolled cell growth; sixth criteria for malignancy

A

Increase mitotic figures

38
Q

What is the number 1 site for osteosarcomas to form?

A

Proximal humerus

39
Q

True or false: equine sarcoid is a benign skin tumor

A

True

Veterinary Disease Test #2 (7 decks)

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