Family and Households

Question 1

Define household

Answer 1

A person living alone or a group of people living together that could be related

Question 2

Define family

Answer 2

A monogamous marriage between a man and a women and their children sharing the same residence ( nuclear family)

Question 3

What are the 5 types of relationships and their meanings

Answer 3

-kin = a close relationship or connected by blood
-marriage = legal union
-monogamy=between one man and women
-polyGAMY= more then one women
-polyANDRY= more then one man

Question 4

How many studies did Murdock do and what did they signify

Answer 4

He studied 250 studies
Each society had a nuclear family that provided 4 functions

Question 5

What are the 4 functions a nuclear family provides from the Murdocks study

Answer 5

Sexual gratification (stable satisfaction)
Reproduction of the next generation
Meeting economic needs of its members
Socialisation of children ( process of upbringing a child with society’s norms and value’s )

Question 6

Blurting

Answer 6

53% of women live alone
66% of families are married or in a civil partnership
19% are in cohabiting relationships
84% women are the head of a lone parent families
16% men are the head

Question 7

What is the alternative view from talcott parson on murdocks study of the 4 functions of a Neuclar family

Answer 7

Talcott Paroson- the Morden family is stripped to two basic functions:
- socialisation of family
*primary socialisation = family teach children the norms and values associated with their family
*secondary socialisation = schools,media,religion
- stabilisation of adult
Personality (emotional gratification)
* family provides emotional support and reproduction is a result of that as parson argued that families helped to prevent adults from behaving in disruptive ways
* warm bath theory = when a man comes home from a hard day at work he can relax into his family

Question 8

Define what symmetrical family

Answer 8

Responsibility’s are equally divided

Question 9

Blurt the types of family worksheet

Question 10

What is parsons view on couples roles

Answer 10

Men and women have BIOLOGICALLY suited roles that are functional for society
*Expressive role = primary socialisation of children and meeting the family’s emotional needs ( women - homemaker)
*Instrumental role = to achieve success at work to provide financial support for the family ( men - bread-winner)

Question 11

What’s the evaluation of parson view

Answer 11

Positives - clear structure to a family
Negative - *outdated as more women are becoming instrumental roles
*Doesn’t consider same sex family’s where roles cant be split biologically
*Single parent families where one parent performs everything

Question 12

what is Elizabeth botl (1975) theory on the divison of labour

Answer 12

Segregated conjugal roles = male is the bread winner and the women is the homemaker
Joint conjugal roles= couples share the tasks and money

Question 13

what is the young and Willmott theory on the division of labour

Answer 13

take on a march of progress view they see family life as gradually improving for all its members as it becoming more equal and symmetrical as they argue that there has been a long term trend away from segregated conjugal roles to now joint conjugal roles as women are going out to work this is leading to a higher equal division of labour as men are getting more involved in housework as women are getting more involved in paid work

Question 14

Define the march a progress

Answer 14

By 1973 the trend goes towards joint conjugal roles as men lean towards more house work and women go to work

Question 15

What are the reason for a rise in symmetrical family’s

Answer 15

Changes in the position of a women - job discrimination
Geographical mobility - couples moving away from community they grew up in
New tec and labour saving devices
Better standard of living - more restaurants

Question 16

What are the reasons for a march a progress from young and willmott (1973)

Answer 16

• feminism movement - equal pay act
• housework decreases as there new tec that quicken labour time
  -contraceptives pill allows more control on reproduction
• better education for women and more jobs available

Question 17

what is the feminist theory of explaining the division of labour

Answer 17

Ann Oakley (1974) - feminist view - rejects young and Willmott view on the division of labour as there is no evidence of a trend towards symmetrical family as only 15% of husbands had a high level of participation in housework and only 25% had a high level of participation in childcare as young and Willmott exaggerate men’s contribution by looking at the tasks involved in childcare as not a responsibility as women are required to perform a triple shift (emotional/housework/ paid work) as Domestic labour is heavily sex -typed
as men do diy house work while women do cooking and cleaning

Question 18

define the meaning of dual burden

Answer 18

women do paid work and housework

Question 19

define the meaning of triple burden

Answer 19

paid work/housework/emotional work

Question 20

what is the cultural and material explanation for seeing a division of labour in Morden family’s

Answer 20

cultural explanation= division of labour due to patriarchal norms and values
material explanation= women earn less money / spend more time in the home

Question 21

what are the two main types of control over family income that pahl and volger found to explain the resource and decision making in couples

Answer 21

allowance system = men give wives an allowance to budget
pooling= both parties have access to the income and have a joint responsibility eg. joint bank account

Question 22

what are the inequality’s that Edgell found in 1980 in middle class couples

Answer 22

men made the financial decisions - moving house, car
while women made decisions such as interior design , children clothes, food and domestic spending

Question 23

what are the types of abuse within families

Answer 23

physical abuse - domestic violence
emotional abuse - seek to dominate through shamming
neglect- essential food, sleep
sexual abuse- takes place between close family members

Question 24

what is the feminism explanation for the reasoning for abuse

Answer 24

domestic violence is evident of patriarchy as men dominate women through domestic violence as the patriarchal system helps and maintain mens power and pushes abuse on women

Question 25

what is the material explanation ( wilkinson 1996) for the the reasoning of abuse

Answer 25

domestic violence is a result of stress on family members caused by social inequality. Those on low income and those living in overcrowded accommodation are likely to experience high level of stress which decrease the chances of a caring relationship and increases the risk of violence

Question 26

evaluation of feminism

Answer 26

pros:
highlights the idea of toxic masculinity and given an idea about how masculinity in the family can dominate over a women
suggest power and wealth is required to be distributed more equally to reduces chances of dv
cons:
abuse happens in all classes
not all men are violent and abusive so not all women are equally of risks to abuse
dosent talk about why women abuse children or men

Question 27

why are the reasoning of a victims not leaving a violent relationship

Answer 27

emotional - attachemt to a partner, belief that they may change, fear of consqeuences
economic - no sustianable moving alternative , cultures and religions may be againsit divorce
law enforcement wont take the situation seriously

Question 28

what gender is most responsible for most divorce petitions

Answer 28

women (65%)

Question 29

what is the most common reason for a women to be granted a divorce

Answer 29

unreasonable behaviour from her husband
*marriages are decreasing due to a 3rd wave of feminism

Question 30

why is divorce on the increase - ask miss about this

Answer 30

1971: divorce reform act - made irretrievable breakdowns grounds available after 2 years of divorce
1996: family law act- encourages mediation but allows for divorce after a period of reflection
2004: civil partnership act - applies same grounds to dissolution of civil partnership
2014: same sex marriage act - gives the same right to all marriages including divorce

Question 31

what group is divorce rate the highest

Answer 31

• among men and women in their late 20s
  -teenage marriage are twice as likely to get divorce
  -childless couples
• partners from different social class or religious backgrounds
  -long distant couples

Question 32

what is the post Morden perspective

Answer 32

an approach that says society has become so unstable and diverse.so it is impossible to produce any accurate explanation of any social issue or social exchange. As such sociologist should celebrate the diversity of society rather than trying to explain it from one point of view

Question 33

what is the new right perspective

Answer 33

a conservative political perspective. who supports in belief of self-reliance and induvial choice. They value a nuclear family and argue that people have become to dependent on the government which encourages the growth of underclass

Question 34

functionalist perspective on divorce

Answer 34

high divorce rate dose not prove that marriage as a social instution
as it just shows people high perspectives
high remarriages show a commitment to the idea of marriage

Question 35

feminism perspective on divorce

Answer 35

high divorce = desirable
women liberation
women are breaking free of the oppression of the patriarchal necualr family

Question 36

new right perspective on divorce

Answer 36

high divorce is undesirable
undermines the traditional nuclear family
creates an underclass of welfare dependent female lone parents
leaves young children without a motherly or fatherly figure
David Cameron tax reduction for couples that stay together - preserves a nuclear family

Question 37

post Morden perspective on divorce

Answer 37

encourages high divorce
gives people the freedom to choose what they want
generates family diversity

Question 38

what % of marriages end in divorce

Answer 38

42%

Question 39

reasons for change in marriage statics

Answer 39

more remarriages
average age of a marriage is increasing (30-W , 32-M)
couple are less likely to get married in a church

Question 40

people who dont get married what are the alternatives

Answer 40

cohabiting - fastest growing household
same sex relationship - 69,000 same sex couples co habit
living in one person household

Question 41

what is the difference between cohabiting and marriage

Answer 41

*cohabiting is another name for marriage
cohabiting dose not offer the same legal rights that a marriage dose

Question 42

how many people identify as an lgbtq person in the uk

Answer 42

1.4 million