subcultures and identity

Question 1

identity is shaped by

Answer 1

dominant culture and subculture

Question 2

subcultures

Answer 2

groups that exist wh=ithin a larger group but have their own value and norms

Question 3

social class derives from

Answer 3

caste, inheritance, occupation,

Question 4

4 classes in capitalist society

Answer 4

bourgeoisie
middle class
labour/working class
underclass

Question 5

identity of the bourgeoise

Answer 5

1. monopolise global wealth, live lavishly, conspicuous
   2.great political powe3. wield disproportionate ideological power
2. like to think high culture is best
3. posses social and cultural capital
4. social closure marry within class

Question 6

identity of middle class

Answer 6

diverse
1. posses job security, expert knowledge allowing them to direct and control
3. cultural outlooking valuing economic security, self discipline, deferred gratification and home ownership
4. posses higher edu and cultural capital
5. individualistic

Question 7

proletariat

Answer 7

1. manual blue collar workers, scare technical skill, above minimum wage
2. collectivist ideals
3. class conscious aware of inequality
4. extended families support each other

Question 8

who argue working class identity is under threat

Answer 8

jan pakulski and malcom waters

Question 9

why is working class identity under threat

Answer 9

due to high unemployment more individualistic, collectivist identity in decline

class consciousness under threat due to divide and rule ideology (the populist ideology) they blame outsiders particularly immigrants xenophobic

skilled working forced to take unkilled work to help families survive

Question 10

what is precariat

Answer 10

those workers in the past that would have been highly skilled manual workers but because skills no longer in demand take on whatever casual work

takes part in gig economy

often children and women

Question 11

who coined precariat

Answer 11

guy standing

Question 12

identity of precariat

Answer 12

present day oriented, focused on survival, lack positive aspirations

fatalistic outlook cannot change the way things will happen

lacks occupational identity central to self

higher levels of criminality and suicide

standing claims it is a dangerous class

Question 13

why is the concept of self identity important (name the sociologist)

Answer 13

sarah mclaughlin
only by establishing our own identities as individuals groups do we understand what makes us similar or different from others, it helps form social connection an solidarity

Question 14

who suggested identity has 2 components
which 2 components

Answer 14

sarah mc laughlin
self and how others see us

Question 15

how explained identity of self

Answer 15

george herbert mead
self divided into i (private for family and friends only) and me (how you project yourself to others

Question 16

how others see us

Answer 16

our social identity
te net sum of all socialisation experiences, we internalise social expectations to form social identity

Question 17

approaches to identity

Answer 17

structuralist
shaped by gender, class

social action
identity produced by choice

Question 18

structure and identity is created by the interaction of structure and agency, said who

Answer 18

anthony giddens

Question 19

consumerism shaped identity in the 21st century, but since affluent have more choice than poor, structure constraints free will, said

Answer 19

bauman

Question 20

many cultures require men and women to conform to hegemonic ideas, said

Answer 20

R.W Connell

Question 21

hegemonic

Answer 21

dominant set of ideals of what contitues and masculine or feminine

Question 22

evidence of hegemonic patriarchal femininity being challenged

Answer 22

helen wilkinson and sue sharp argue that women experience greater educational and employment opportunities

Question 23

who argues that hegemonic masculine value system stresses difference from women and goals to be acheived to become a real man

Answer 23

james messerschmidt
demonstrate power over women, contempt for weakness and homosexuality

Question 24

toxic masculinity

Answer 24

patriarchal values harmful to males

Question 25

why has hegemonic masculinity been made redundant

Answer 25

economic global recession unemployment
men are experiencing crisis of masculinity by being unable to provide for family

Question 26

crisis of masculinity coined by

Answer 26

mairtin mc ghaill

Question 27

emergence of feminised masculinity promoted by male role models

Answer 27

frank ocean barack obama

Question 28

metrosexual male

Answer 28

urban hertrosexual male who enjoys enhancing his personal apperance, grooming, beauty treatments

Question 29

ethnic identity

Answer 29

defined as sense of cultural awareness and identity within groups sharing common identity and language eh gujrati punjabi

racial characteristics

Question 30

new hybrid identity data, apart from discrimination and racism

Answer 30

2.3million ppl in britain living or married to someone of different ethnicity

Question 31

who said age is important regardless of socio economic status, gender and ethnicity

Answer 31

robert roberts et al

Question 32

who identifies five major age identity

Answer 32

harriet bradley

childhood
adolescence
young adulthood middle age
old age

Question 33

childhood and identity

Answer 33

parental contribution to childs identity
states shape identity my banning deviant behaviour
formative years in school

Question 34

adolescence and identity

Answer 34

youth subcultures
preindustrail societies do no recognise this substage
rites of passage

Question 35

young adulthood and identity

Answer 35

leaving parental home
financial independence , job marriage

Question 36

middle age

Answer 36

higher status than young and elderly

Question 37

old age

Answer 37

preindustrail great respect, attitudes in western indifferent
low self esteem loneliness infantalisation

Question 38

globalisation

Answer 38

ongoing process involving increased interconnectedness and interdependency of worlds nations and people into a singe global economic, political and cultural system.

Question 39

globalisation and identity

Answer 39

giddens argues islamic cultures threatneed by socialisation
traditional societies exposed to western consumerism and materialism leading to decadence (spiritual emptiness)

bauman local identities undermined

Question 40

hybrid identities

Answer 40

local global interaction

Question 41

glocalisation

Answer 41

fusion of global local products

Question 42

cultural appropriation

Answer 42

elements of one culture used by another culture without acknowledgement of origin