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RTE1000 > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

a

A

before

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2
Q

AED

A

automated external defibrillator

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3
Q

a.c.

A

before meals

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4
Q

ASA

A

aspirin

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5
Q

AMA

A

against medical advice

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6
Q

AMS

A

altered mental status

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7
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardia infarction

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8
Q

bid

A

twice a day

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9
Q

bp

A

blood pressure

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10
Q

c/o

A

complaints of

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11
Q

Ca

A

cancer

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12
Q

cc

A

chief complaint

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13
Q

chf

A

congestive heart failure

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14
Q

co

A

carbon monoxide

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15
Q

copd

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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16
Q

cpr

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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17
Q

csf

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

cva

A

cerebrovascular accident

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19
Q

cxr

A

chest x-ray

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20
Q

d/c

A

discontinue

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21
Q

DOA

A

dead on arrival

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22
Q

dob

A

date of birth

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23
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

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24
Q

ECG/EKG

A

electrocardiogram

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25
Q

eta

A

estimated time of arrival

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26
Q

etoh

A

alcohol (ethanol)

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27
Q

fx

A

fracture

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28
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

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29
Q

gsw

A

gun shot wound

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30
Q

h / hr

A

hour

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31
Q

h/a

A

headache

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32
Q

h/o

A

history of

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33
Q

htn

A

hypertension

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34
Q

hx

A

history

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35
Q

icu

A

intensive care unit

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36
Q

im

A

intramuscular

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37
Q

L

A

left

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38
Q

lac

A

laceration

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39
Q

loc

A

level of consciousness

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40
Q

nka

A

no known allergies

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41
Q

npo

A

nothing by mouth

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42
Q

n/v

A

nausea/vomiting

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43
Q

O2

A

oxygen

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44
Q

od

A

overdose

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45
Q

or

A

operating room

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46
Q

pcn

A

penicillin

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47
Q

po

A

by mouth

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48
Q

prn

A

as needed

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49
Q

pt

A

patient

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50
Q

pta

A

prior to arrival

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51
Q

qh

A

every hour

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52
Q

qid

A

four times a day

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53
Q

R

A

right

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54
Q

r/o

A

rule out

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55
Q

rx

A

treatment

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56
Q

SOB/SHOB

A

shortness of breath

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57
Q

STAT

A

immediately

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58
Q

t.i.d.

A

three times a day

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59
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

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60
Q

w/o

A

without

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61
Q

-

A

negative

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62
Q

+

A

positive

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63
Q

ampule

A

small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of parenteral solution in a sterile condition

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64
Q

analgesic

A

drug that relieves pain without causing a loss of consciousness

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65
Q

anesthetic

A

drug that produces a loss of feeling or sensation

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66
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe constricting pain in the chest caused by the loss of blood flow to the heart muscle

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67
Q

arrhythmia

A

any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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68
Q

atherosclerosis

A

condition in which thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs caused by the deposit of plaque

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69
Q

bolus

A

concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation

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70
Q

bronchodilator

A

drug that causes expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs

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71
Q

coagulation

A

process of clot formation

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72
Q

contraindication

A

any condition that renders the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable

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73
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

primarily a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism secondary to insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance

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74
Q

diuretic

A

drug that promotes the excretion of urine

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75
Q

drug

A

any substance that, when taken into a living organism, may modify one or more of its functions

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76
Q

edema

A

presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body

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77
Q

extravasation

A

discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with antidote

78
Q

GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

inflammation of the lower esophagus from the regurgitation of acid gastric contents

79
Q

generic name

A

drug name that is usually descriptive of its chemical structure but is not protected as is a trademark

80
Q

hematoma

A

localized collection of blood in the tissue resulting from a break in the wall of the blood vessel

81
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

elevations in plasma lipid concentration

82
Q

hypertension

A

persistently high arterial blood pressure, usually exceeding 140 systolic and 90 diastolic

83
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

unusual response to a drug that is peculiar to the individual

84
Q

infiltration

A

diffusion of fluid into a tissue; often used interchangeably with extravasation

85
Q

intramuscular

A

within the muscle tissue

86
Q

intravenous

A

within a vein

87
Q

laxative

A

agent that promotes the evacuation of the bowel

88
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline reserves in the blood

89
Q

microorganism

A

microscopic organism such as a bacterium or a virus that is too small to be seen without a microscope

90
Q

opioid

A

any drug, natural or synthetic, that has activity similar to those of morphine

91
Q

parenteral

A

not through the gastrointestinal tract but by injection through some other route

92
Q

peristalsis

A

waves of contraction that propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract

93
Q

pharmacist

A

person who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs

94
Q

pharmacology

A

study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms

95
Q

physical dependence

A

state of adaption or exhibited by a withdrawal syndrome specific to a class of drugs that may be produced by abrupt cessation or reduction in dose

96
Q

schizophrenia

A

chronic mental disorder characterized by periods of withdrawn or bizarre behavior

97
Q

shock

A

condition characterized by profound hypotension and reduced tissue perfusion

98
Q

side effect

A

consequence other than the one for which a drug is used

99
Q

subcutaneous

A

beneath the skin

100
Q

sublingual

A

beneath the tongue

101
Q

therapeutic

A

pertaining to the art of healing

102
Q

thromboembolic disorders

A

conditions involving the partial or complete obstruction of a blood vessel

103
Q

tolerance

A

state of adaptation in the response to drug exposure that results in a decrease of one or more of the drug’s effects over time

104
Q

topical

A

applied to a certain area of the skin and affecting only the area to which it is applied

105
Q

transdermal

A

entering through the skin

106
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

drug that causes constriction of the blood vessels

107
Q

vasodilator

A

drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels

108
Q

venipuncture

A

puncture of a vein

109
Q

vile

A

small glass bottle containing multiple doses of a drug

110
Q

tablet

A

granulated drug that has been compressed into a solid hard disc

111
Q

capsule

A

dose form where a powdered or liquid drug us contained in a gelatin shell

112
Q

inhalant

A

the inhalation route of administration may be used for either local or systemic effects (general anesthetics). Common for treating asthma or COPD

113
Q

suppository

A

dose form shaped for insertion into a body orifice such as the rectum, vagina, or urethra.

114
Q

solution

A

dose form in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier

115
Q

suspension

A

dose form in which one or more drugs in small particles are suspended in a liquid carrier

116
Q

transdermal patch

A

dose form that permits a drug to be applied on the skin surface where it is absorbed

117
Q

analgesics

A

drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness

118
Q

anesthetics

A

agents that act on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a loss of sensation.

119
Q

general anesthetics

A

act on the CNS to produce muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness.

120
Q

local anesthetics

A

block nerve conduction from an area of the body to the CNS

121
Q

antianxiety agents

A

act on the CNS to calm or relax the anxious patient

122
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

drug used to treat arrhythmias, which are any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

123
Q

antibiotics

A

drugs used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

124
Q

anticoagulants

A

drugs that inhibit clotting of the blood or increase the coagulation time

125
Q

anticonvulsants

A

drugs used to prevent or control the occurrence of seizures

126
Q

antidepressants

A

drugs use din the treatment of depression

127
Q

antidiabetic agents

A

drugs used to treat Type 1 (no insulin produced) and Type 2 (insulin resistance) diabetes

128
Q

anti-emetics

A

drugs used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting

129
Q

antifungal agents

A

substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of fungi

130
Q

antihistamines

A

drugs used primarily to treat allergic disorders

131
Q

anti-hypertensives

A

drugs used t treat hypertension (high BP)

132
Q

anti-ulcer agents

A

agents used to treat peptic ulcers, both gastric and duodenal, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

133
Q

antiviral agents

A

substances that destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of viruses

134
Q

bronchodilators

A

drugs used in the treatment of asthma and COPD

135
Q

coagulants

A

drugs used to control hemorrhage or to speed up coagulation

136
Q

corticosteroids

A

drugs used to reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or for short-term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions

137
Q

diuretics

A

drugs that increase the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys, thus removing sodium and water from the body.

138
Q

hormones

A

drugs that affect the endocrine system

139
Q

laxatives

A

drugs that act to promote the passage and elimination of feces from the large intestine

140
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

drugs commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions, and mild to moderate pain

141
Q

sedatives

A

drugs used to produce varying degrees of CNS depression

142
Q

stimulants

A

drugs that increase activity of the CNS

143
Q

thrombolytics

A

drugs that dissolve thrombi (clots) that have already formed

144
Q

vasoconstrictors

A

drugs that cause blood vessels to constrict, thus increasing heart action and raising blood pressure

145
Q

vasodilators

A

drugs that cause blood vessels to dilate. commonly used to treat angina

146
Q

parental

A

administered by injection or by a route other than the gastrointestinal tract (subcutaneous, IM, IV, drip infusion)

147
Q

topical

A

the application of a drug directly onto the skin

148
Q

sublingual

A

drug is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve

149
Q

oral

A

drug is taken by mouth and swallowed

150
Q

Six rights of drug administration

A

Drug
Dose
Pt
Route
Time
Documentation

151
Q

Radiopaque Contrast

A

Positive. X-ray photons are absorbed by radiopaque contrast media because these media are opaque to x-rays. Appear white on radiographs, and black on fluoroscopy.

152
Q

Adverse reactions to negative contrast media

A

minimal

153
Q

adverse reactions to positive contrast

A

constipation - barium absorbs water in the colon (drink plenty of water)

Extravasion (never after abdominal sx)

154
Q

pt. prep for a UGI

A

npo after midnight the day before the study

155
Q

pt. prep for barium enema

A

2 days before, drink only clear liquids after noon. 1 day before, clear liquids only. Bowel prep will be done 1 day before. Day of, clear liquids for breakfast, and enema in morning.

156
Q

Order contrast studies should be performed in

A

Non-contrast
Lower GI
Upper GI

Because of pt. conditions, medications, diabetes

157
Q

2 types of water-soluble iodinated contrast media

A

Ionic
Nonionic

158
Q

Physical properties of ionic iodine contrast

A

-Atomic # 53 (radiopaque)
-Dissociate into 2 molecular particles in water or blood plasma
-One particle has neg charge. On particle has pos. charge
-Higher osmolality

159
Q

Contraindications of ionic iodine contrast media

A

Renal disease
Diabetes
Older

160
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in the nuclei of different elements

161
Q

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

A

blood test to determine levels of urea in the body. High levels indicate compromised kidney function.

162
Q

Bronchospasm

A

involuntary constriction of the bronchial tubes usually resulting from an immune system reaction to a foreign particle or molecule.

163
Q

Contraindications

A

factors of a pt. history or present status that indicate that a medical procedure or medication should not be done.

164
Q

Creatinine

A

nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by the kidney’s filtration system. High levels indicate poor filtration

165
Q

Extravasion

A

leakage from a vessel into the tissue

166
Q

Histamine

A

molecular substance containing an amine group, causes bronchial constriction and a decrease in BP

167
Q

Ion

A

atom or molecule having negative charge

168
Q

Osmolality

A

measurement of the number of particles that can crowd out water molecules in a measured mass of water

169
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

170
Q

pH

A

relative acidity or basicity of a solution.
below 7 = acidic. Above 7 = Alkaline

171
Q

Radiopharmeceutical

A

pharmaceutical compound that is attached to a radioisotope

172
Q

shock

A

inadequate blood flow w/in the body with resulting loss of oxygen and therefore energy

173
Q

solution

A

uniform mixture of two or more substances composed of molecule-sized particles that do not react together chemically.

174
Q

Suspension

A

non-uniform mixture of two or more substances. One of which is composed of larger-than-molecule-size particles that have a tendency to cluster together.

175
Q

Radiolucent Contrast (negative)

A

x-ray photons are easily transmitted through radiolucent contrast media. Will show up black on radiograph and white during fluoro

176
Q

Negative Contrast Media: Physical properties

A

composed of low-atomic number elements.
administered as gas (air) or gas producing tablets, crystals (fizzies), or soda water.

177
Q

When is negative contrast media used?

A

During double contrast studies
UGI
Barium enema with air

178
Q

Adverse reactions to negative contrast media

A

Minimal

179
Q

Positive Contrast Media: Physical Properties

A

Barium has an atomic number of 56 (radiopaque).
Not soluble (shake it)

180
Q

When is positive contrast media used?

A

Esophagram
UGI
Small bowel follow through (SBFT)
Barium enema w/ or w/out air

181
Q

Ionic Iodine Contrast: Osmotic Effects

A

Inject contrast, water from cells move in vascular system. Results in hypovolemia and blood vessel dilation.

182
Q

Ionic Iodine Contrast: Renal Effects

A

Hish osmolality causes arteries of kidneys to expand = vasoconstrictors constrict renal arteries

183
Q

Non-Ionic Iodine Contrast

A

Safer
Does not cross blood brain barrier
3x more cost

184
Q

Non-Ionice Iodine contraindications

A

Pt. history of reaction
Asthma or allergies
Cardiac issues
Renal disease

185
Q

Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Allergic Effects

A

Similar to FB (pollen)
Minor (hives)
Wheezing or Edema in throat and lungs
N/V

186
Q

Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Contrast media reaction

A

70% occur within 5 mins of injection
Mild
Mod
Severe

187
Q

Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Mild reaction

A

n/v
flushed
headache
dizzy
anxety
metallic taste
itchy
pallor
diaphoresis

(Treat: Observe and Assurance)

188
Q

Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Moderate reaction

A

similar to mild but more severe

(tx: some form of rapidly effective therapy)

189
Q

Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Severe

A

life threatening
death rate is less than 0.01%

190
Q

Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Treatment

A

Assurance
Epinephrine
Benadryl
Force Fluids

191
Q

Water Soluble Iodinated Contrast: Contraindications

A

Glucophage therapy
Renal failure
age
allergies
asthma
copd

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