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PSYCHOLOGY > APPROACHES: The Psychodynamic approach > Flashcards

APPROACHES: The Psychodynamic approach Flashcards

1
Q

what is the psychodynamic approach?

A

A perspective that describes the different unconscious forces, that operate on the mind and direct human behaviour and experience.

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2
Q

What is the unconscious?

A

the part of the mind which we are unaware of but which directs most of out behaviour.It also contains threatening or disturbing memories that have been repressed.

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3
Q

what is the preconscious mind?

A

thoughts and ideas which we may become aware of during dreams or through ‘slips of the tongue’

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4
Q

What is Id?

A

Id is the primitive (old) part of our personality. It operates on the pleasure principle- gets what it wants.

  • present from birth
  • selfish and demands instant gratification of its needs.
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5
Q

What is Ego?

A

The ‘reality check’ that balances the conflicting demands of the Id and super ego.

  • rational and practical
  • satisfies id in a socially acceptable way
  • conscious and unconscious
  • develops between ages 1- 3

It manages by employing a number of defence mechanisms.

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6
Q

What is super ego?

A
  • the moralistic part of our personality which represents the ideal self how we ought to be.
  • develops between ages 3-5
  • based on the morality principle
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7
Q

What are psychosexual stages?

A

5 developmental stages that all children pass through. At each stage there is a different conflict, the outcome of which determines future development.

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8
Q

what happens to any unresolved conflicts?

A

the child will carry behaviours associated with that stage throughout adulthood.

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9
Q

what is the ORAL stage?

A

Focus of the pleasure is the mouth, mothers breast can be the object of desire.

0-1 years

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10
Q

what are the consequences of unresolved conflict of the ORAL stage?

A

Oral fixation - smoking, biting nails, sarcastic, critical.

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11
Q

what is the ANAL stage?

A

Focus of pleasure is the anus. Child gains pleasure from withholding and expelling faeces.

1-3 years

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12
Q

what are the consequences of unresolved conflict of the ANAL stage?

A

Anal retentive - perfectionist, obsessive.

Anal expulsive - thoughtless, messy.

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13
Q

what is the PHALLIC stage?

A

Focus of the pleasure is the genital area.

3-6 year

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14
Q

what are the consequences of the unresolved conflict of the PHALLIC stage?

A

Phallic personality- narcissistic, reckless

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15
Q

what is the LATENCY stage?

A

earlier conflicts are repressed

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16
Q

what is the GENITAL stage?

A

sexual desire become conscious alongside the onset of puberty.

17
Q

what are the consequence of unresolved conflict of the GENITAL stage?

A

difficulty forming heterosexual relationships.

18
Q

what are defence mechanisms?

A

unconscious strategies that the Ego uses to manage the conflict between the Id and Superego

19
Q

what are the types of defence mechanism?

A

Displacement
Denial
Repression

20
Q

what is displacement?

A

when you transfer feelings from the sources of distressing emotion on a substitute target

21
Q

what is denial?

A

you completely reject the thought or feeling and completely refuse to acknowledge some aspect of reality.

22
Q

what is repression?

A

forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind.

23
Q

what are the STRENGTHS of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • introduced the idea of psychotherapy
  • psychoanalysis claims to help clients by bringing their repressed emotions into their conscious mind so they can be dealt with. (talking therapies and counselling)
  • can be used to explain a wide range of phenomena including personality development, the origins of psychological disorders, moral development and gender identity.
24
Q

what are the LIMITATIONS of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • psychoanalysis is seen as inappropriate for people experiencing serious mental health disorders.
  • people with mental health disorders may not be able to properly articulate their thoughts for psychoanalysis.
  • untestable - Freud’s theory cannot be proved scientifically.
25
Q

what is the oedipus complex?

A

freud claimed that little boys develop insestuous feelings towards their mothers and a murderous hatred for their father.
fearing their father would castrate, they identify with their father, taking on with his gender tole and moral values.

26
Q

what is the electra complex?

A

freud claimed that girls experience penis envy: they desire their father as their penis is the primary love object
give up their desire for their father over time and replace this for a desire for a baby.

PSYCHOLOGY (58 decks)

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