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adult health > Week 4: Respiratory > Flashcards

Week 4: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Deviated septum

A

Mostly caused by trauma in the nose

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2
Q

What to do with a nasal fracture

A

Make sure patient can breathe, and ascertain that hemorrhage and leakage of CSF are not present

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3
Q

Types of allergic rhinitis

A

Seasonal and perennial (pets)

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4
Q

What is acute viral rhinopharyngitis

A

the common cold in the URI

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5
Q

What does acute sinusitis cause

A

pain over affected sinus, purulent nasal drainage

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6
Q

What does chronic sinusitis cause

A

does not cause severe pain and purulent drainage.

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7
Q

What is a complication of acute pharyngitis and how to treat it

A

-Peritonsillar abscess
-Tx: IV antibiotics, needle aspiration, drainage, surgery

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8
Q

What can form on the vocal cords because of vocal abuse or irritation

A

laryngeal polyps

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9
Q

What is pertussis

A

violent coughing

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10
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

occurs from abnormal entry of secretions or substances in lower airway

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11
Q

What is a lung abscess

A

Necrotic lesion of the lung that contains pus
-Tx: Clindamycin

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12
Q

What is atelectasis

A

collapsed, airless alveoli

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13
Q

Most common cause of atelectasis

A

airway obstruction that results from retained exudates and secretions.

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14
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Collection of fluid in pleural space
-it is the sign of another disease

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15
Q

What is transudative effusion

A

non-inflammatory conditions, an accumulation of protein poor cell-poor fluid

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16
Q

Exudative effusion

A

Accumulation of protein rich fluid and cells in an area of inflammation

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17
Q

What is empyema

A

pleural effusion that contains pus

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18
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

chronic inflammation and formation of scar tissue in connective tissue

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19
Q

What is sarcoidosis

A

chronic multisystem granulomatous (clusters of granulomas or inflamed tissue)

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20
Q

What is flail chest

A

fracture of 3 or more ribs in 2 or more separate locations

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21
Q

What is pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural space resulting in partial or complete collapse
-can result from closed or open chest trauma
-no lungs sounds

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22
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Rupture of small blebs (air-filled sacs)

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23
Q

What is latrogenic pneumothorax

A

laceration or puncture of lung during medical procedure

24
Q

What is tension pneumothorax

A

rapid accumulation of air in pleural space causing high intrapleural pressures, placing tension on heart

25
Q

What is chylothorax

A

lymphatic fluid in pleural space caused by leak in thoracic duct

26
Q

What is pulmonary edema and what causes it

A

-fluid in alveoli and interstitial spaces of lungs
-left sided HF

27
Q

What is pulmonary embolism and what causes it

A

-blockage of pulmonary arteries by thrombus, fat, or air, or tumor tissue
-most common cause is thrombi in deep veins of legs

28
Q

Diagnosis test for PE

A

Spiral CT scan

29
Q

What is pneumoconiosis

A

disease caused by inhalation and retention of mineral or metal dust particles

30
Q

What is TNM staging for cancer

A

T: extent of tumor
N: spread to lymph nodes
M: metastasize

31
Q

Non-small cell lung cancer

A

-84% of lung cancers
-Staged by TNM system

32
Q

Small cell lung cancer

A

-13% of lung cancers
-Systemic

33
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi
-destroys elastic and muscular structures supporting bronchial wall

34
Q

Hallmark of bronchiectasis

A

-persistent or recurrent cough
-production of large amounts of purulent sputum (may exceed 500mL/day)

35
Q

Gold standard for dx of bronchiectasis

A

CT

36
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

altered function of exocrine glands, producing airway obstruction and increase in mucous production

37
Q

What does CF progress to

A

A restrictive lung disease bc of fibrosis, lung destruction, and thoraic wall changes

38
Q

Test for CF

A

sweat chloride test

39
Q

How is airflow limited in asthma

A

-bronchoconstriction
-edema in airways
-hyperactivity

40
Q

What is status asthmaticus

A

severe asthma attack that is unresponsive to tx

41
Q

Dx of asthma

A

spirometry, peak flow variability

42
Q

LABAs

A

never use alone, combine with ICS

43
Q

What is one goal for someone with asthma

A

maintaining greater than 80% of personal best PEFR

44
Q

What causes airflow limitation in COPD

A

loss of elastic recoil and airflow obstruction from mucus hypersecretion, mucosal edema, and bronchospasm

45
Q

Diagnosis of COPD

A

spirometry and FEV1/FVC of less than 70%

46
Q

Signs of respiratory distress

A

retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, VS

47
Q

Risks for spontaneous pneumothorax

A

being a tall, skinny, man, and also smoking

48
Q

What will a chest x-ray show in someone with pneumonia

A

consolidation of white spots

49
Q

What drug is used for TB

A

-Rifampin: causes orange secretions
-Isoniazid: damages liver

50
Q

Most common complication of influenza

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Ear infection
  3. Sinus infection
51
Q

What to teach about pet allergies

A
  1. remove animal
  2. Clean
  3. inspect improvement in 1-2 weeks
52
Q

2 types of flu vaccines

A

-inactivated
-live attenuated

53
Q

3 frequency of symptom descriptions for allergic rhinitis

A
  1. Episodic
  2. Intermittent
  3. Persistent
54
Q

Pseudoephedrine side effects

A

tachycardia, palpitations, seizures, CNS depression

55
Q

TB classifying

A

0- no exposure
1- exposure, no infection
2- latent TB, no disease
3- clinically active
4- TB but not clinically active
5- TB suspect

56
Q
A

adult health (4 decks)

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