Week 5 Necessary Vocabulary

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

• All an organism’s chemical reactions
- Organized into pathways

METABOLIC PATHWAYS
— Metabolism of Complex Carbohydrates
— Metabolism of Cofactors, Vitamins, and Other Substances
— Nucleotide Metabolism
— Metabolism of Complex Lipids
— Carbohydrate Metabolism
— Lipid Metabolism
— Amino Acid Metabolism
— Metabolism of Other Amino Acids
— Energy Metabolism

Question 2

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 2

• The chemical reactions from a starting material to an ending material
- Each step catalyzed by a different enzyme

• starting molecule A — Enzyme 1 & Rxn 1 —> B — Enzyme 2 & Rxn 2 —> C — Enzyme 3 & Rxn 3 —> D Product molecule

Question 3

Catabolic Pathways

Answer 3

• Series of chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler molecules.
— releases energy = exergonic
- requires enzymes

Ex: polymers—Enzyme(s)—> monomers + E

Question 4

Anabolic Pathways

Answer 4

• Series of chemical reactions that build complex molecules from simpler molecules.
- requires energy = endergonic
- requires enzymes
- non-spontaneous

• monomers —enzyme(s) + energy—> polymer

Question 5

All Organisms transform energy

Answer 5

• Absorb energy (light or chemical) —Transformation—> Release energy (thermal energy + metabolic wastes)

Question 6

Entropy

Answer 6

entropy has increased because the energy has spread out over a greater number of molecules.

Entropy also increases when a solid is converted into a liquid, or a liquid into a gas.

spontaneous nature of the reaction is also due to the entropy of the products being greater than the entropy of the reactants.

A phase change in the other direction—gas to liquid or liquid to solid—decreases the entropy, as the energy becomes more localized.