Lipids and Lipoproteins

Question 1

Simple linear chains of C-H bonds that terminate with a carboxyl group (-COOH)

Answer 1

Fatty acids

Question 2

Contain three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds

Answer 2

Triglycerides

Question 3

Similar to the structure of triglycerides expect that they only have two esterified fatty acids

Answer 3

Phospholipids

Question 4

An unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings (A,B,C, and D), and it has a single C-H side chain tail similar to a fatty acid

Answer 4

Cholesterol

Question 5

It delivers fuel to peripheral cells

Answer 5

Lipoprotein

Question 6

Major protein of HDL

Answer 6

Apolipoprotein (Apo) A1

Question 7

Largest and the least dense of the lipoprotein particles

Answer 7

Chylomicrons

Question 8

Main apolipoprotein

Answer 8

Apo B100

Question 9

Major carriers of endogenous (hepatic-derived) triglycerides and shuttle triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissue

Answer 9

Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein

Question 10

Form consequence of the lipolysis of VLDL and considered as the bad cholesterol, associated with Apo B-100

Answer 10

Low-Density Lipoproteins

Question 11

Smallest and most dense lipoprotein particle and removes excess cholesterol, associated with Apolipoprotein A-1

Answer 11

High-Density Lipoproteins

Question 12

Apolipoprotein ______ is associated with chylomicron

Answer 12

B-48

Question 13

Remnants of VLDL, transitional form

Answer 13

Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL)

Question 14

Reference Ranges for Lipids

Answer 14

TC 140-200 mg/dL (3.6-5.2 mmol/L)
HDL-C 40-75 mg/dL (1.0-2.0 mmol/L)
LDL-C 50-130 mg/dL (1.3-3.4 mmol/L)
TRIG 60-150 mg/dL (0.7-1.7 mmol/L)

Question 15

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 15

Thickening of blood vessels due to buildup of cholesterol plaques

Question 16

Atherosclerosis

Answer 16

A type of arteriosclerosis, large arteries are hardened and narrowed

Question 17

Composed primarily of cholesterol esters, phospholipids and associated with Apo a

Answer 17

Lipoprotein a

Question 18

An abnormal lipoprotein and indicative od biliary cirrhosis or chlestasis and genetic lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency

Answer 18

Lipoprotein X

Question 19

Method used for cholesterol measurement

Answer 19

Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GS-MS) method

Question 20

Disease states associated with abnormal serum lipids are generally caused by malfunctions in the synthesis, transport, or catabolism of lipoproteins

Answer 20

Hyperlipoproteinemias

Question 21

Lipid disorder having a clear average serum overnight seen in increased Apo B-100 and elevated LDL, ++ total cholesterol and normal total triglycerides

Answer 21

Type IIa

Question 22

Lipid disorder having a creamy top, turbid bottom seen in increased Apo B-100, Apo B-48 with elevated chylomicron, and VLDL, + total cholesterol and ++ total triglycerides

Answer 22

Type V

Question 23

Lipid disorder having a turbid specimen seen in increased Apo E-II, and decreased Apo E-III, and E-IV with elevated IDL, and + total cholesterol, + total triglyceride

Answer 23

Type III

Question 24

Lipid disorder having a turbid specimen seen in recessive ingeritance, eruptive xanthomata, lipaemia retinalis and acute pancreatitis associated with increased Apo B-100 and elevated VLDL, normal or increased total cholesterol, and ++ total triglyceride

Answer 24

Type IV

Question 25

Lipid disorder having a creamy top layer associated with increased Apo B-48, and A-IV and elevated chylomicrons, ++ in total triglycerides and normal total cholesterol

Answer 25

Type 1

Question 26

Lipid disorder having a clear specimen associated with increased Apo B-100 and elevated concentrations of LDL and VLDL, ++ in total cholesterol and + for total triglycerides

Answer 26

Type IIb

Question 27

Major protein found in HDL

Answer 27

Apo A-1

Question 28

Major protein found in LDL

Answer 28

Apo B-100

Question 29

Reference value for Apolipoproteins

Answer 29

Apo A 120-160 mg/dL
Apo B >120 mg/dL
Lp (a) >30 mg/dL

Question 30

What includes in the standardization of lipid and lipoprotein assays

Answer 30

• Precison
• Accuracy
• Matrix interactions
• CDC Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network
• Analytic Performance Goals
• Quality control
• Specimen collection